The multimodality cell segmentation challenge: toward universal solutions.

Cell segmentation is a critical step for quantitative single-cell analysis in microscopy images. Existing cell segmentation methods are often tailored to specific modalities or require manual interventions to specify hyper-parameters in different experimental settings. Here, we present a multimodality cell segmentation benchmark, comprising more than 1,500 labeled images derived from more than 50 diverse biological experiments.

Dietary and Exercise Interventions for Perimenopausal Women: A Health Status Impact Study.

Purpose: To explore the impact of different intervention methods on physical health indexes of perimenopausal women.

Methods: Seventy-eight perimenopausal women were divided into three groups. Group A received routine gynecological diagnosis and treatment and participated in centralized lifestyle health education.

Dietary and exercise interventions for metabolic health in perimenopausal women in Beijing.

Background And Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of individualised dietary guidance and anti-resistance exercise intervention on blood pressure and metabolic indexes of perimenopausal women.

Methods And Study Design: Between June 2018 to August 2018, 78 perimenopausal women were recruited at the Gynaecological Outpatient Department of Beijing Pinggu District Hospital. After coding, they were randomly divided into three groups, A, B and C, by lottery.

Anorectal melanoma and gene analysis of personalized adjuvant therapy: a case report.

Melanoma is derived from malignancies of melanocytes. Anorectal melanoma differs significantly from cutaneous melanoma in clinical presentation, genetic profile, staging system, and response to treatment. Anorectal melanoma is seldom diagnosed because most melanoma occurrences are found in the skin tissues.

Effect of technological progress on carbon emissions: New evidence from a decomposition and spatiotemporal perspective in China.

The continuously increasing carbon emissions have become a significant hurdle for global sustainable development. Technological progress is considered essential for controlling carbon emissions. However, previous literature has analyzed technological progress as a whole, largely ignoring its spatial spillovers.

The role of domestic R&D activities played in carbon intensity: Evidence from China.

Most of the existing empirical studies exploring the role of domestic research and development (R&D) played in carbon intensity has confirmed that domestic R&D activities can effectively reduce carbon intensity. Unfortunately, the heterogeneity of R&D activities was ignored and the effect of domestic R&D on carbon intensity was discussed homogenously, that is, as a whole. Since R&D activities can be distinguished from stages and actors, we cannot obtain additional details such as the stages of R&D activities influencing carbon intensity.

Convergence analysis of China's energy intensity at the industrial sector level.

China's industrial energy consumption accounted for approximately 70% of national energy demand in the past four decades. Regarding energy demand and environmental pollution, success in controlling energy demand and reducing energy intensity for industrial sectors in China would play a crucial role for the country's sustainable growth problems. To formulate targeted energy plans, the features and characters of China's industrial energy intensity should be carefully evaluated.

Ligand-Directed Reactivity in Dioxygen and Water Binding to cis-[Pd(NHC)(η-O)].

Reaction of [Pd(IPr)] (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) and O leads to the surprising discovery that at low temperature the initial reaction product is a highly labile peroxide complex cis-[Pd(IPr)(η-O)]. At temperatures ≳ -40 °C, cis-[Pd(IPr)(η-O)] adds a second O to form trans-[Pd(IPr)(η-O)]. Squid magnetometry and EPR studies yield data that are consistent with a singlet diradical ground state with a thermally accessible triplet state for this unique bis-superoxide complex.

Thermodynamic, Kinetic, Structural, and Computational Studies of the PhSn-H, PhSn-SnPh, and PhSn-Cr(CO)CMe Bond Dissociation Enthalpies.

The kinetics of the reaction of PhSnH with excess •Cr(CO)CMe = •Cr, producing HCr and PhSn-Cr, was studied in toluene solution under 2-3 atm CO pressure in the temperature range of 17-43.5 °C. It was found to obey the rate equation d[PhSn-Cr]/dt = k[PhSnH][•Cr] and exhibit a normal kinetic isotope effect (k/k = 1.

iPSCs Derived from Malignant Tumor Cells: Potential Application for Cancer Research.

The development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has inspired a series of methods to manipulate cell fate and has provided novel insight into the profound molecular events underlying the development of diseases. Reprogramming somatic cells into iPSCs has been intensively investigated. However, few studies have investigated the reprogramming of malignant cells and its potential application.

Role of axial base coordination in isonitrile binding and chalcogen atom transfer to vanadium(III) complexes.

The enthalpy of oxygen atom transfer (OAT) to V[(Me3SiNCH2CH2)3N], 1, forming OV[(Me3SiNCH2CH2)3N], 1-O, and the enthalpies of sulfur atom transfer (SAT) to 1 and V(N[t-Bu]Ar)3, 2 (Ar = 3,5-C6H3Me2), forming the corresponding sulfides SV[(Me3SiNCH2CH2)3N], 1-S, and SV(N[t-Bu]Ar)3, 2-S, have been measured by solution calorimetry in toluene solution using dbabhNO (dbabhNO = 7-nitroso-2,3:5,6-dibenzo-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene) and Ph3SbS as chalcogen atom transfer reagents.

Thermodynamic and kinetic study of cleavage of the N-O bond of N-oxides by a vanadium(III) complex: enhanced oxygen atom transfer reaction rates for adducts of nitrous oxide and mesityl nitrile oxide.

Thermodynamic, kinetic, and computational studies are reported for oxygen atom transfer (OAT) to the complex V(N[t-Bu]Ar)3 (Ar = 3,5-C6H3Me2, 1) from compounds containing N-O bonds with a range of BDEs spanning nearly 100 kcal mol(-1): PhNO (108) > SIPr/MesCNO (75) > PyO (63) > IPr/N2O (62) > MesCNO (53) > N2O (40) > dbabhNO (10) (Mes = mesityl; SIPr = 1,3-bis(diisopropyl)phenylimidazolin-2-ylidene; Py = pyridine; IPr = 1,3-bis(diisopropyl)phenylimidazol-2-ylidene; dbabh = 2,3:5,6-dibenzo-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene).

High quantum yield molecular bromine photoelimination from mononuclear platinum(IV) complexes.

Pt(IV) complexes trans-Pt(PEt3)2(R)(Br)3 (R = Br, aryl and polycyclic aromatic fragments) photoeliminate molecular bromine with quantum yields as high as 82%. Photoelimination occurs both in the solid state and in solution. Calorimetry measurements and DFT calculations (PMe3 analogs) indicate endothermic and endergonic photoeliminations with free energies from 2 to 22 kcal/mol of Br2.

Two-step binding of O2 to a vanadium(III) trisanilide complex to form a non-vanadyl vanadium(V) peroxo complex.

Treatment of V(N[(t)Bu]Ar)(3) (1) (Ar = 3,5-Me(2)C(6)H(3)) with O(2) was shown by stopped-flow kinetic studies to result in the rapid formation of (η(1)-O(2))V(N[(t)Bu]Ar)(3) (2) (ΔH(‡) = 3.3 ± 0.2 kcal/mol and ΔS(‡) = -22 ± 1 cal mol(-1) K(-1)), which subsequently isomerizes to (η(2)-O(2))V(N[(t)Bu]Ar)(3) (3) (ΔH(‡) = 10.

microRNA signature for human pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis.

Pancreatic cancer has the poorest prognosis among all human malignant solid tumors, mainly due to its high invasive and metastatic biological features. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of endogenous and small non-coding RNA molecules 18-25 nucleotides in length, functioning as either tumor-suppressor genes or oncogenes. Evidence has shown that regulation of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer is associated with tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and resistance to therapy.

Effects of naltrexone on smoking cessation outcomes and weight gain in nicotine-dependent men and women.

This study examined whether the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone is efficacious in smoking cessation and whether sex moderates the response. We assessed smoking quit rates and weight gain in a double-blind randomized trial comparing oral naltrexone (n = 162) with placebo (n = 154) in nicotine-dependent participants who wanted to quit smoking. The medication was gradually titrated up to 50 mg during the week before the quit date and then maintained at this dose for 12 weeks.

XM: association testing on the X-chromosome in case-control samples with related individuals.

Genetic variants on the X-chromosome could potentially play an important role in some complex traits. However, development of methods for detecting association with X-linked markers has lagged behind that for autosomal markers. We propose methods for case-control association testing with X-chromosome markers in samples with related individuals.

Thermodynamic, kinetic, and mechanistic study of oxygen atom transfer from mesityl nitrile oxide to phosphines and to a terminal metal phosphido complex.

The enthalpies of oxygen atom transfer (OAT) from mesityl nitrile oxide (MesCNO) to Me(3)P, Cy(3)P, Ph(3)P, and the complex (Ar[(t)Bu]N)(3)MoP (Ar = 3,5-C(6)H(3)Me(2)) have been measured by solution calorimetry yielding the following P-O bond dissociation enthalpy estimates in toluene solution (±3 kcal mol(-1)): Me(3)PO [138.5], Cy(3)PO [137.6], Ph(3)PO [132.

Oxygen binding to [Pd(L)(L')] (L= NHC, L' = NHC or PR3, NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene). synthesis and structure of a paramagnetic trans-[Pd(NHC)2(η(1)-O2)2] complex.

The reactivity of a number of two-coordinate [Pd(L)(L')] (L = N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and L' = NHC or PR(3)) complexes with O(2) has been examined. Stopped-flow kinetic studies show that O(2) binding to [Pd(IPr)(P(p-tolyl)(3))] to form cis-[Pd(IPr)(P(p-tolyl)(3))(η(2)-O(2))] occurs in a rapid, second-order process. The enthalpy of O(2) binding to the Pd(0) center has been determined by solution calorimetry to be -26.

Experimental and computational studies of binding of dinitrogen, nitriles, azides, diazoalkanes, pyridine, and pyrazines to M(PR(3))(2)(CO)(3) (M = Mo, W; R = Me, (i)Pr).

The enthalpies of binding of a number of N-donor ligands to the complex Mo(P(i)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(3) in toluene have been determined by solution calorimetry and equilibrium measurements. The measured binding enthalpies span a range of approximately 10 kcal mol(-1): DeltaH(binding) = -8.8 +/- 1.