PRF-Net: A Progressive Remote Sensing Image Registration and Fusion Network.

Most of the existing fusion algorithms are not robust to unregistered input images. Even after image registration, nonlinear nonregistration may persist in the local areas of the images, leading to poor quality in the fused image. So, as to tackle these challenges, a progressive remote sensing image registration and fusion network is proposed in this article, and named PRF-Net, which is particularly useful when two images are from different platforms.

Automatic diagnosis of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures using radiomics-based machine learning.

The aim of this study was to construct a classification model for the automatic diagnosis of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures using radiomics-based machine learning. We retrospectively collected elbow joint Radiographs of children aged 3 to 14 years and manually delineated regions of interest (ROI) using ITK-SNAP. Radiomics features were extracted using pyradiomics, a python-based feature extraction tool.

Individualized discrimination of tumor progression from treatment-related changes in different types of adult-type diffuse gliomas using [C]methionine PET.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the ability of [C]methionine (MET) PET in distinguishing between tumor progression (TP) and treatment-related changes (TRCs) among different types of adult-type diffuse gliomas according to the 2021 World Health Organization classification and predict overall survival (OS).

Methods: We retrospectively selected 113 patients with adult-type diffuse gliomas with suspected TP who underwent MET PET imaging. Maximum and mean tumor-to-background ratios (TBR, TBR) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) were calculated.

Kirschner wire versus external fixation in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures in older children and adolescents: a comparative study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of Kirschner wire fixation and external fixation in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures in older children and adolescents.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of older children and adolescents who underwent surgery at our institution for proximal humeral fractures between April 2014 and May 2022. One group (n = 28) underwent fracture reduction and Kirschner wire fixation, and the other group (n = 23) underwent external fixation.

Cerebral glucose hypometabolism and hypoperfusion of cingulate gyrus: an imaging biomarker of autoimmune encephalitis with psychiatric symptoms.

Background: About 60% of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) patients present psychiatric symptoms, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. This study examined the role of the cingulate cortex in such patients to identify predictive poor psychiatric factors.

Methods: In this study, 49 AE patients and 39 healthy controls were enrolled.

Association between dietary calcium, potassium, and magnesium consumption and glaucoma.

Background: Calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) may be involved in the occurrence and development of glaucoma by influencing the retinal oxidative stress and regulate blood pressure. However, epidemiological opinions on dietary intake of macroelement related to glaucoma are inconsistent. Herein, this study aims to explore the association between dietary Ca, K, and Mg consumption and glaucoma.

Molecularly imprinted composite membranes with interleaved imprinted network structure for highly selective separation of acteoside.

Acteoside (ACT) is one of the phenylethanoid glycosides in Cistanche tubulosa. The ACT molecules have high medicinal value, but the content of ACT is scarce. Therefore, it is imperative to develop the ACT-based molecularly imprinted composite membranes (A-MICMs) with highly selective separation of ACT.

Discrimination between leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 antibody encephalitis and gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor antibody encephalitis based on ResNet18.

This study aims to discriminate between leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody encephalitis and gamma-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB) receptor antibody encephalitis using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. A total of 81 patients were recruited for this study. ResNet18, VGG16, and ResNet50 were trained and tested separately using 3828 positron emission tomography image slices that contained the medial temporal lobe (MTL) or basal ganglia (BG).

A multimodal imaging-based classification for pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas.

Object: Pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a radiologically heterogeneous disease entity, here we aim to establish a multimodal imaging-based radiological classification and evaluate the outcome of different treatment strategies under this classification frame.

Methods: This retrospective study included 103 children diagnosed with DIPGs between January 2015 and August 2018 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital (Beijing, China). Multimodal radiological characteristics, including conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffuse tensor imaging/diffuse tensor tractography (DTI/DTT), and positron emission tomography (PET) were reviewed to construct the classification.

Cortical metabolic characteristics of anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 antibody encephalitis based on F-FDG PET.

Purpose: A general glucose metabolism pattern is observed in patients with anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody encephalitis; however, it is unclear whether further subregional metabolic differences exist. Therefore, the present study aimed to conduct an in-depth exploration of the features of glucose metabolism within specific brain areas using F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-FDG PET).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study enrolled thirteen patients confirmed with LGI1 antibody encephalitis who were admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital from June 2021 to September 2022.

Metabolic phenotyping of pilomotor seizures in autoimmune encephalitis.

Objectives: Ictal piloerection (IP) is an uncommon symptom in focal epilepsy and is associated with autoimmune encephalitis (AE). However, the networks involved in AE-associated IP are still unclear. To have a better understanding of IP underlying mechanisms, the current study investigated whole-brain metabolic networks for the analysis of AE-associated IP.

Analysis of positron emission tomography hypometabolic patterns and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia syndromes.

Aims: To estimate the proportions of specific hypometabolic patterns and their association with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in patients with cognitive impairment (CI).

Methods: This multicenter study with 1037 consecutive patients was conducted from December 2012 to December 2019. F-FDG PET and clinical/demographic information, NPS assessments were recorded and analyzed to explore the associations between hypometabolic patterns and clinical features by correlation analysis and multivariable logistic regression models.

C-methionine PET imaging characteristics in children with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas and relationship to survival and H3 K27M mutation status.

Purpose: This study aimed to describe C-methionine (C-MET) PET imaging characteristics in patients with paediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and correlate them with survival and H3 K27M mutation status.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed 98 children newly diagnosed with DIPG who underwent C-MET PET. PET imaging characteristics evaluated included uptake intensity, uniformity, metabolic tumour volume (MTV), and total lesion methionine uptake (TLMU).

Tau as a biomarker of cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptom in Alzheimer's disease.

The A/T/N research framework has been proposed for the diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the spatial distribution of ATN biomarkers and their relationship with cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) need further clarification in patients with AD. We scanned 83 AD patients and 38 cognitively normal controls who independently completed the mini-mental state examination and Neuropsychiatric Inventory scales.

Interictal HFO and FDG-PET correlation predicts surgical outcome following SEEG.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the quantitative relationship between interictal F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and interictal high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) from stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) recordings in patients with refractory epilepsy.

Methods: We retrospectively included 32 patients. FDG-PET data were quantified through statistical parametric mapping (SPM) t test modeling with normal controls.

Antitumor Activity of Anti-miR-21 Delivered through Lipid Nanoparticles.

The ability of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver nucleic acids have shown a great therapeutic potential to treat a variety of diseases. Here, an optimized formulation of QTsome lipid nanoparticles (QTPlus) is utilized to deliver an anti-miR-21 (AM21) against cancer. The miR-21 downstream gene regulation and antitumor activity is evaluated using mouse and human cancer cells and macrophages.

Phase II trial of icotinib in adult patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 and progressive vestibular schwannoma.

Objective: Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome associated primarily with bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VSs). Conventional surgical or radiosurgical treatments for VS in NF2 usually result in high risks of hearing loss and facial nerve impairment, while there is no validated medical option to date. This single-institution phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of icotinib, an oral epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with NF2 and progressive VS.

Application of lipid-based nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy is revolutionizing the clinical management of patients with different cancer types by sensitizing autologous or allogenic immune cells to the tumor microenvironment which eventually leads to tumor cell lysis without rapidly killing normal cells. Although immunotherapy has been widely demonstrated to be superior to chemotherapies, only a few populations of patients with specific cancer types respond to such treatment due to the failure of systemic immune activation. In addition, severe immune-related adverse events are rapidly observed when patients with very few responses are given higher doses of such therapies.

The Detection of Invisible Abnormal Metabolism in the FDG-PET Images of Patients With Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis by Machine Learning.

Objective: This study aims to detect the invisible metabolic abnormality in PET images of patients with anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis using a multivariate cross-classification method.

Methods: Participants were divided into two groups, namely, the training cohort and the testing cohort. The training cohort included 17 healthy participants and 17 patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis whose metabolic abnormality was able to be visibly detected in both the medial temporal lobe and the basal ganglia in their PET images [completely detectable (CD) patients].

Neuropsychological Performance Is Correlated With Tau Protein Deposition and Glucose Metabolism in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease.

Objective: This study characterizes glucose metabolism and tau protein deposition distribution in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to evaluate the relationships between neuropsychological performance and tau protein deposition or glucose metabolism using F-FDG and F-AV1451 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).

Methods: Sixty-four patients with β-amyloid-positive (Aβ+) AD and twenty-five healthy participants were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent F-FDG and F-AV1451 PET/CT.