Advances in molecular enzymology of β-1,3-glucanases: A comprehensive review.

β-1,3-Glucanases are essential enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of β-1,3-glucans, with significant biological and industrial relevance. These enzymes are derived from diverse sources, including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals, each exhibiting unique substrate specificities and biochemical properties. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the natural sources and ecological roles of β-1,3-glucanases, exploring their enzymatic properties such as optimal pH, temperature, molecular weight, isoelectric points, and kinetic parameters, which are crucial for understanding their functionality and stability.

Alleviating neuronal inflammation induced by Aβ in SH-SY5Y through interaction with polysialic acid-oligomannuronate conjugate.

Amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation is one of the distinctive pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, the development of effective inhibitors against Aβ aggregate formation offers great promise for the treatment of AD. In this study, we designed a novel negatively charged functionalized conjugate aimed at inhibiting Aβ aggregation and attenuating neurotoxicity by grafting polysialic acid with mannuronate oligosaccharide, a biocompatible glycan extracted from seaweeds, designated as polysialic acid-mannan conjugate (PSA-MOS).

Curdlan-polyphenol complexes prepared by pH-driven effectively enhanced their physicochemical stability, antioxidant and prebiotic activities.

In this study, the curdlan-polyphenol complexes were constructed by a pH-driven method. The interaction between curdlan and various hydrophobic polyphenols (curcumin, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid) was investigated. Curdlan could self-assemble into particles for loading polyphenols through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.

Sialylation of dietary mucin modulate its digestibility and the gut microbiota of elderly individuals.

Food-derived mucins are glycoproteins rich in sialic acid, but their digestive properties and potential health benefits for humans have been scarcely investigated. In this work, ovomucin (OVM, rich in N-acetylneuraminic acid, about 3 %), porcine small intestinal mucin (PSIM, rich in N-glycolylneuraminic acid, about 1 %), the desialylated OVM (AOVM) and the desialylated PSIM (APSIM) were selected to examine their digestion and their impact on the gut microbiota of elderly individuals. The results shown that, the proportion of low-molecular-weight proteins increased after simulated digestion of these four mucins, with concomitant comparable antioxidant activity observed.

New Horizons in Probiotics: Unraveling the Potential of Edible Microbial Polysaccharides through In Vitro Digestion Models.

In vitro digestion models, as innovative assessment tools, possess advantages such as speed, high throughput, low cost, and high repeatability. They have been widely applied to the investigation of food digestion behavior and its potential impact on health. In recent years, research on edible polysaccharides in the field of intestinal health has been increasing.

Effects of In Vitro Fermentation of Polysialic Acid and Sialic Acid on Gut Microbial Community Composition and Metabolites in Healthy Humans.

The influence of polysialic acid (PSA) and sialic acid (SA) on the gut microbial community composition and metabolites in healthy humans was investigated using a bionic gastrointestinal reactor. The results indicated that PSA and SA significantly changed the gut microbiota and metabolites to different degrees. PSA can increase the relative abundances of and , whereas SA can increase those of and .

Optimization of welan gum extraction and purification using lysozyme and alkaline protease.

Welan gum, a natural polysaccharide produced by Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555, has attracted considerable attention in the scientific community due to its desirable properties. However, challenges, such as high viscosity, residual bacterial cells, carotenoids, and protein complexation, hinder the widespread application of welan gum.

Arginine-carboxylated pullulan, a potential antibacterial material for food packaging.

Pullulan possesses excellent film-forming properties and oxygen isolation capabilities. However, it exhibits limited antibacterial properties and poor water resistance, thereby hindering its application in the field of food preservation. In this study, we synthesized D-arginine-succinic anhydride-pullulan (Arg-SA-Pul) by carboxylating pullulan and subsequently grafting it with D-arginine.

A Comparative Study of the Effects of Whole Cereals and Refined Cereals on Intestinal Microbiota.

Cereals are one of the most important foods on which human beings rely to sustain basic life activities and are closely related to human health. This study investigated the effects of different steamed buns on intestinal microbiota. Three steamed buns were prepared using refined flour (RF), 1:1 mixed flour (MF), and whole wheat flour (WF).

Synthesis of mannan oligosaccharide-sialic acid conjugates and its inhibition on Aβ42 aggregation.

In this work, a mannan-oligosaccharide conjugate with sialic acid capable of perturbing Aβ42 aggregation was designed and synthesized. Mannan oligosaccharides with degree polymerization of 3-13 were obtained by stepwise hydrolysis of locust bean gum using β-mannanase and α-galactosidase, named as LBOS. The activated LBOS was further chemically conjugated with sialic acid (Sia, N-acetylneuraminic acid) by fluoro-mercapto chemical coupling to synthesize a conjugate LBOS-Sia, and then phosphorylated to obtain pLBOS-Sia.

Promoting substrates uptake and curdlan synthesis of Agrobacterium sp. by attenuating the exopolysaccharide encapsulation.

During curdlan production by Agrobacterium sp., the secreted exopolysaccharide (EPS) gradually encapsulated Agrobacterium sp., accompanied by cell aggregation, resulted in inhibited substrate uptake and curdlan synthesis.

Dietary sialic acids: distribution, structure, and functions.

Sialic acids (Sias), a group of over 50 structurally distinct acidic saccharides on the surface of all vertebrate cells, are neuraminic acid derivatives. They serve as glycan chain terminators in extracellular glycolipids and glycoproteins. In particular, Sias have significant implications in cell-to-cell as well as host-to-pathogen interactions and participate in various biological processes, including neurodevelopment, neurodegeneration, fertilization, and tumor migration.

New two-stage pH combined with dissolved oxygen control strategy for cyclic β-1,2 glucans synthesis.

On the basis of a novel two-stage pH combined with dissolved oxygen (DO) control strategy in fed-batch fermentation, this research addresses the influence of pH on cyclic β-1,2-glucans (CβGs) biosynthesis and melanin accumulation during the production of CβGs by Rhizobium radiobacter ATCC 13,333. Under these optimal fermentation conditions, the maximum cell concentration and CβGs concentration in a 7-L stirred-tank fermenter were 7.94 g L and 3.

In Vitro Digestion and Fecal Fermentation of Low-Gluten Rice and Its Effect on the Gut Microbiota.

Low-gluten rice is part of a special diet for chronic kidney disease patients, but its digestive mechanism in the gastrointestinal tract is unclear. In this study, low-gluten rice (LGR), common rice (CR), and rice starch (RS) were used as experimental samples, and their digestion and bacterial fermentation were simulated using an in vitro gastrointestinal reactor to investigate the mechanism of the effect of LGR on human health. The starch digestibility of CR was higher than that of LGR, with statistically significant differences.

Ag/Cu-Chitosan Composite Improves Laundry Hygiene and Reduces Silver Emission in Washing Machines.

Textiles can be contaminated with pathogens during household laundering, potentially leading to human sickness. In this work, chitosan (CTS) was used as a substrate to prepare Ag/Cu-CTS composite, which was applied in laundering and showed a remarkable antibacterial effect on and . The mechanical strength of Ag/Cu-CTS composite beads was higher than 400 MPa.

Synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity of protamine sulfate stabilized selenium nanoparticles.

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted much recent interest as nutraceuticals, while they face great challenges, such as poor stability and low cellular uptake efficiency. This study introduced a facile approach to synthesizing protamine sulfate (PS) functionalized selenium nanoparticles (PS-SeNPs) by using PS as a surface decorator. The monodisperse spherical PS-SeNPs with a particle size of 130 nm and a ζ-potential of +31 mV were ligated with PS through Se-N, Se-O bonds, and physical adsorption, which exhibits excellent physical stability against pH, temperature, and storage time.

Malto-oligosaccharides as critical functional ingredient: a review of their properties, preparation, and versatile applications.

Malto-oligosaccharides (MOS) are α-1,4 glycosidic linked linear oligosaccharides of glucose, which have a diverse range of functional applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and other industries. They can be used to modify the physicochemical properties of foods thereby improving their quality attributes, or they can be included as prebiotics to improve their nutritional attributes. The degree of polymerization of MOS can be controlled by using specific enzymes, which means their functionality can be tuned for specific applications.

The effects of high-fat foods on gut microbiota and small molecule intestinal gases: release kinetics and distribution colon model.

Profiling intestinal gases and their responses to dietary changes can reveal the products and functions of the gut microbiota and their influence on human health. High-fat foods (HFF) can alter the gut microbiota and its metabolites, posing a potential health risk. However, little is known about the effects of HFF on intestinal gas distribution.

Encapsulation of polyphenols in pH-responsive micelles self-assembled from octenyl-succinylated curdlan oligosaccharide and its effect on the gut microbiota.

An amphiphilic polymer based on octenyl succinic anhydride-modified curdlan oligosaccharide (MCOS) was synthesized. The critical micelle concentration of MCOS was 3.91 μg·mL.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of an aminoglycan-rich exopolysaccharide from the submerged fermentation of Bacillus thuringiensis.

Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis are widely used as biopesticides but little is known about its exopolysaccharides. The exopolysaccharide BPS-2 was extracted from B. thuringiensis IX-01 after high-cell-density fermentation.

Emulsifying properties and bioavailability of clove essential oil Pickering emulsions stabilized by octadecylaminated carboxymethyl curdlan.

In the present study, clove essential oil (CEO) Pickering emulsions were stabilized by octadecylamine-modified carboxymethyl curdlan (CMCD-ODA) at different pH values. The droplet size and negatively charged zeta potential of the CMCD-ODA emulsions decreased as the pH increased from 3.0 to 11.

Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of novel selenium-containing chitosan derivatives.

Though great efforts have been made to develop selenium polysaccharides with unique properties using HNO-NaSeO methods, the Se content is still low due to the poor esterification efficiency of HSeO. Herein, selenodiacetic acid (SA) was introduced into chitosan (CS) to synthesize O-selenodiacetyl chitosan (OSAC) and chitosan-ammonium selenodiacetate (CASA) by covalent and non-covalent interaction, respectively. The obtained CS derivatives were characterized by UV-vis, FTIR, H NMR, XPS, TGA, and XRD spectra, and the OSAC and CASA showed high Se content up to 15,720 ± 475 and 26,363 ± 698 μg/g.