Functional traits and adaptation of lake microbiomes on the Tibetan Plateau.

Background: Tibetan Plateau is credited as the "Third Pole" after the Arctic and the Antarctic, and lakes there represent a pristine habitat ideal for studying microbial processes under climate change.

Results: Here, we collected 169 samples from 54 lakes including those from the central Tibetan region that was underrepresented previously, grouped them to freshwater, brackish, and saline lakes, and generated a genome atlas of the Tibetan Plateau Lake Microbiome. This genomic atlas comprises 8271 metagenome-assembled genomes featured by having significant phylogenetic and functional novelty.

Decoupling of strain- and intrastrain-level interactions of microbiomes in a sponge holobiont.

Holobionts are highly organized assemblages of eukaryotic hosts, cellular microbial symbionts, and viruses, whose interactions and evolution involve complex biological processes. It is largely unknown which specific determinants drive similarity or individuality in genetic diversity between holobionts. Here, we combine short- and long-read sequencing and DNA-proximity-linkage technologies to investigate intraspecific diversity of the microbiomes, including host-resolved viruses, in individuals of a model marine sponge.

Gastrointestinal bleeding in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura combined with prognostic nutrition index may predict endoscopic duodenal ulcers during hospitalization: A single-center retrospective case-control study.

Duodenal ulcer (DU) is the most common gastroscopic manifestation of abdominal Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), which may cause severe bleeding and often requires esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) to confirm the diagnosis. However, the condition of children with HSP changes rapidly; not all children are able to undergo EGD on time, and some hospitals do not have a pediatric EGD unit. Therefore, assessing the risk factors for developing DU in HSP using simple and readily available indicators is essential.

Associations between OGTT results during pregnancy and offspring TSH levels: a birth cohort study.

Background: Limited evidence exists regarding the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in newborns. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential risk of elevated TSH levels in infants exposed to maternal GDM, considering the type and number of abnormal values obtained from the 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Methods: A population-based, prospective birth cohort study was conducted in Wuhan, China.

Challenges in estimating effective population sizes from metagenome-assembled genomes.

Effective population size () plays a critical role in shaping the relative efficiency between natural selection and genetic drift, thereby serving as a cornerstone for understanding microbial ecological dynamics. Direct estimation relies on neutral genetic diversity within closely related genomes, which is, however, often constrained by the culturing difficulties for the vast majority of prokaryotic lineages. Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) offer a high-throughput alternative for genomic data acquisition, yet their accuracy in estimation has not been fully verified.

Association between prenatal exposure to rare earth elements and the neurodevelopment of children at 24-months of age: A prospective cohort study.

The increasing consumption of rare earth elements (REEs) has resulted in a considerable risk of environmental exposure. However, the adverse effects of prenatal REEs exposure on children's neurodevelopment are not yet fully recognized. Therefore, we investigated the individual and joint effects of prenatal exposure to 13 REEs on children's neurocognitive development based on 809 mother-child pairs from a large birth cohort in Wuhan, China.

Genomics of sp. Isolates (Family ) from Lake Zhangnai on the Tibetan Plateau.

Understanding the genomic differentiation between marine and non-marine aquatic microbes remains a compelling question in ecology. While previous research has identified several lacustrine lineages within the predominantly marine family, limited genomic data have constrained our understanding of their ecological adaptation mechanisms. In this study, we isolated four novel strains from a brackish lake on the Tibetan Plateau.

DKI can distinguish high-grade gliomas from IDH1-mutant low-grade gliomas and correlate with their different nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio: a localized biopsy-based study.

Objectives: To explore whether differences in diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) between therapy-naïve high-grade gliomas (HGGs) and low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are related to the cellularity and/or the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio.

Methods: We analyzed 44 and 40 diffuse glioma samples that were pathologically confirmed as HGGs and IDH1-mutant LGGs, respectively. The DKI parameters included kurtosis metrics (mean kurtosis [MK], axial kurtosis [K], and radial kurtosis [K]), and the diffusional metrics (fractional anisotropy [FA], mean diffusion [MD], axial diffusion [λ], and radial diffusion [λ]).

The cross-sectional area ratio of a specific part of the flexor pollicis longus tendon- a stable sonographic measurement for trigger thumb: a cross-sectional trial.

Background: Trigger thumb is a pathologic condition of the digital pulleys and flexor tendons. To find a cutoff value of the cross-sectional area ratio of specific parts of the flexor pollicis longus tendon to diagnosis trigger thumb in the high-frequency ultrasound examination.

Methods: We evaluated 271 healthy volunteers and 57 patients with clinical diagnosis of trigger thumb.

Ecological divergence of syntopic marine bacterial species is shaped by gene content and expression.

Identifying mechanisms by which bacterial species evolve and maintain genomic diversity is particularly challenging for the uncultured lineages that dominate the surface ocean. A longitudinal analysis of bacterial genes, genomes, and transcripts during a coastal phytoplankton bloom revealed two co-occurring, highly related Rhodobacteraceae species from the deeply branching and uncultured NAC11-7 lineage. These have identical 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences, yet their genome contents assembled from metagenomes and single cells indicate species-level divergence.

Incorporating multiple magnetic resonance diffusion models to differentiate low- and high-grade adult gliomas: a machine learning approach.

Background: Accurate grading of gliomas is a challenge in imaging diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a machine learning (ML) approach based on multiparametric diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in differentiating low- and high-grade adult gliomas.

Methods: A model was developed from an initial cohort containing 74 patients with pathology-confirmed gliomas, who underwent 3 tesla (3T) diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 21 b values.

Case report: Efficacy analysis of radiofrequency catheter ablation combined with atrial appendage resection for atrial tachycardia originating from the atrial appendage in children.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) combined with atrial appendage (AA) resection to treat atrial tachycardia (AT) originating from the AA in children.

Materials And Methods: Using the Ensite three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping system, three children with AT originating from the AA were diagnosed. Clinical features and electrocardiographic (ECG) manifestations were analyzed.

Glymphatic system in the thalamus, secondary degeneration area was severely impaired at 2nd week after transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats.

Background And Objectives: The glymphatic system is a recently discovered cerebrospinal fluid transport system and little is known about its dynamic changes after stroke. This study aimed to dynamically observe the structural and functional changes of the impaired glymphatic system in the thalamus after ischemic stroke by pathology and MRI.

Materials And Methods: Ischemic stroke was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model.

Assessing a Role of Genetic Drift for Deep-Time Evolutionary Events.

Effective population size (N) determines the amount of genetic diversity and the fate of genetic variants in a species and thus is an essential parameter in evolutionary genetics. There are standard approaches to determine the N of evolving species. For example, the long-term N of an extant species is calculated based on its unbiased global mutation rate and the neutral genetic diversity of the species.

Exploring Influential Factors Affecting the Severity of Urban Expressway Collisions: A Study Based on Collision Data.

When traffic collisions occur on urban expressways, the consequences, including injuries, the loss of lives, and damage to properties, are more serious. However, the existing research on the severity of expressway traffic collisions has not been deeply explored. The purpose of this research was to investigate how various factors affect the severity of urban expressway collisions.

Coastal Transient Niches Shape the Microdiversity Pattern of a Bacterioplankton Population with Reduced Genomes.

Globally dominant marine bacterioplankton lineages are often limited in metabolic versatility, owing to their extensive genome reductions, and thus cannot take advantage of transient nutrient patches. It is therefore perplexing how the nutrient-poor bulk seawater sustains the pelagic streamlined lineages, each containing numerous populations. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 33 isolates of the recently discovered CHUG lineage (~2.

Case Report: Tetralogy of Fallot in a Chinese Family Caused by a Novel Missense Variant of .

Background: Rare genetic variants have been identified to be important contributors to the risk of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD). But relatively limited familial studies with small numbers of TOF cases have been reported to date. In this study, we aimed to identify novel pathogenic genes and variants that caused TOF in a Chinese family using whole exome sequencing (WES).

Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI for rectal cancer: correlation of diffusion and perfusion characteristics with clinical-pathologic factors.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a promising alternative method for staging the cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate parameters of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and their relationships with clinical-pathologic factors in rectal cancers.

Impact of smoking on the incidence and post-operative complications of total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the most ubiquitous joint disorders which cause tremendous loss of life quality and impose an economic burden on society. At present, the treatment options for these two diseases comprise non-operative and surgical treatments, amongst those total knee arthroplasties (TKA). Various studies have recognized smoking as a significant risk factor for postoperative complications.

The origin and impeded dissemination of the DNA phosphorothioation system in prokaryotes.

Phosphorothioate (PT) modification by the dnd gene cluster is the first identified DNA backbone modification and constitute an epigenetic system with multiple functions, including antioxidant ability, restriction modification, and virus resistance. Despite these advantages for hosting dnd systems, they are surprisingly distributed sporadically among contemporary prokaryotic genomes. To address this ecological paradox, we systematically investigate the occurrence and phylogeny of dnd systems, and they are suggested to have originated in ancient Cyanobacteria after the Great Oxygenation Event.

Prognostic Value of a New Integrated Parameter-Both Collateral Circulation and Permeability Surface-in Hemorrhagic Transformation of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Acute Ischemic Stroke: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Multimodal CT, including CT angiography (CTA) and CT perfusion (CTP), was increasingly used in stroke triage. This study was to determine the relationship between a new integrated parameter-both collateral circulation and relative permeability surface (PS)-and the hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive AIS patients with MCAO who underwent baseline CTA/CTP within 4 h of symptom onset and follow-up susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) within 3 weeks.

Mechanisms driving genome reduction of a novel Roseobacter lineage.

Members of the marine Roseobacter group are key players in the global carbon and sulfur cycles. While over 300 species have been described, only 2% possess reduced genomes (mostly 3-3.5 Mbp) compared to an average roseobacter (>4 Mbp).

Population differentiation of Rhodobacteraceae along with coral compartments.

Coral mucus, tissue, and skeleton harbor compositionally different microbiota, but how these coral compartments shape the microbial evolution remains unexplored. Here, we sampled bacteria inhabiting a prevalent coral species Platygyra acuta and sequenced genomes of 234 isolates comprising two populations in Rhodobacteraceae, an alphaproteobacterial lineage representing a significant but variable proportion (5-50%) of the coral microbiota. The Ruegeria population (20 genomes) contains three clades represented by eight, six, and six isolates predominantly sampled from the skeleton (outgroup), mucus (clade-M), and skeleton (clade-S), respectively.