Catalpol promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in rats after multiple cerebral infarctions by mitochondrial regulation: involvement of the Shh signaling pathway.

Introduction: Ischemic stroke greatly threatens human life and health. Neuro-restoration is considered to be the critical points in reestablishing neurological function and improving the quality of life of patients. Catalpol is the main active ingredient of the Chinese herbal medicine , which has the beneficial efficacy in traditional remedy, is closely related to the mitochondrial morphology and function.

The causal relationship between 233 metabolites and coronary atherosclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: To investigate the causal relationship between 233 newly reported metabolites and coronary atherosclerosis through Mendelian randomization analysis.

Methods: Five different methods were used to perform Mendelian randomization analysis on the 233 metabolites and coronary atherosclerosis, with inverse variance weighting as the primary result, supplemented by other methods.

Results: The analysis identified that certain metabolites increase the susceptibility risk of coronary atherosclerosis, including: Total fatty acids (OR = 1.

Direct injection UPLC-MS/MS method for analysing 77 compounds including human biomarkers, illicit drugs, new psychoactive substances and metabolites in wastewater.

Wastewater analysis technology has emerged as a promising tool for monitoring illicit drug consumption. However, the current reliance on the solid-phase extraction (SPE) pre-treatment method presents significant challenges for widespread adoption and high-throughput monitoring, as it consumes a large amount of time and labor as well as requires specialized instruments. This study has developed a direct injection (DI) technique for UPLC-MS/MS, enabling the detection of 77 compounds encompassing metabolites of human biomarkers, illicit drugs, and new psychoactive substances.

Involvement of CXCL12/CXCR4 in CB2 receptor agonist-attenuated morphine tolerance in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats with cancer pain.

While low-dose cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor agonists attenuate morphine tolerance in cancer pain models, chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)/chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression induces morphine tolerance. Whether CB2 receptor agonists attenuate morphine tolerance by modulating CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling or whether CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling affects the mu opioid receptor (MOR) in the development of morphine tolerance in cancer pain remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the attenuation of morphine tolerance by a non-analgesic dose of the CB2 receptor agonist AM1241, focusing specifically on the modulation of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling and its effect on the MOR.

Improved entropy-CRITIC population model based on temporal and spatial variability: Construction and application in wastewater epidemiology.

Numerous factors contribute to the uncertainty inherent in conducting wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), with shifting populations exerting a significant influence. However, traditional single- and multi-parameter population models suffer from certain limitations. This study employs an evaluation model framework to construct a model (EC model) based on data characteristics.

Salidroside ameliorates cerebral ischemic injury and regulates the glutamate metabolism pathway in astrocytes.

Background And Aim: Salidroside (SA) is the main active component of L., with potential in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cerebral ischemia. However, its efficacy and mechanism in cerebral ischemia remain unclear, particularly regarding its effect on glutamate (Glu) metabolism.

Effect of Precipitation-Free Zone on Fatigue Properties in Al-7.02Mg-1.98Zn Alloys: Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Analysis.

Age-strengthened aluminum alloys, as important lightweight structural materials, have significantly lower fatigue properties compared to non-age-strengthened aluminum alloys. In this study, the polycrystalline models containing precipitation-free zones (PFZ) were constructed by secondary development of the traditional polycrystalline model by modifying the mesh file. Polycrystalline finite element simulations of peak age-treated Al-7.

Micropapillary structure: A natural tumor collective invasion model with enhanced stem-like properties.

Cancer stem cells aggregate to form clusters, which have enhanced stem-like properties and metastasis potential. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of cancer stem cell cluster-like structures with acquisition of stronger invasion and metastasis abilities remain unclear. Micropapillary carcinoma (MPC) is a subpopulation of small, merulioid, inverted, nonfibrous vascular clusters floating in the stroma present in a range of solid malignant tumors and characterized by frequent vascular/lymphatic vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis.

The burden and trends of heart failure caused by ischemic heart disease at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021.

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of heart failure (HF), a condition expected to increasingly affect global health and economics. This study evaluates the global burden, trends, and disparities of HF linked to IHD, aiming to inform health policy development.

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD2021) is analyzed using Joinpoint regression, decomposition analysis, and Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis (BAPC).

Efficacy of intervertebral release combined with asymmetric osteotomy in rigid degenerative scoliosis.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of treating patients with rigid degenerative scoliosis by restoring intervertebral balance through a combination of interbody release and asymmetric grade 1 and 2 osteotomy.

Method: The medical collected clinical and radiographic data of patients with rigid degenerative scoliosis from our department between 2015 and 2022. A total of 60 patients were included in the study, comprising 20 males and 40 females, with an average follow-up period of 30.

Stabilization of sulfidated nano zerovalent iron with biochar: Enhanced transport and application for hexavalent chromium removal from water.

Nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) has been broadly used in the treatment of chromium (Cr) pollution. However, conventional nZVI particles are prone to surface oxidation and particle agglomeration, limiting their effectiveness in contaminant removal. To address these issues, sulfidated nZVI (S-nZVI) was synthesized on the corn stover biochar (BC) surface for rapid removal of Cr(VI) from water.

Efficient production of singlet oxygen via dioxygen activation on Cu decorated MoS facilitates the elimination of oxytetracycline.

Molecular oxygen (O), a green oxidant, is applied in advanced oxidation processes, which represents one of the current focal points in water treatment research. However, achieving efficient and economical activation of O remains a formidable challenge because of its spin-restricted nature. Herein, zero-valent copper (Cu) modified molybdenum disulfide (MoS) materials were applied as O activators to degrade organic pollutants.

Predicting High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy Failure in Patients With Acute Hypoxaemic Respiratory Failure Using Machine Learning: Model Development and External Validation.

Aims And Objectives: To develop and validate a prediction model for high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) failure in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF).

Background: AHRF accounts for a major proportion of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and is associated with high mortality. HFNC is a non-invasive respiratory support technique that can improve patient oxygenation.

Transcriptome reanalysis and gene expression of 13 detoxification genes for avermectin and pyridaben resistance in Panonychus citri.

Citrus red mites (P. citri) are key pests affecting citrus production worldwide due to pesticide resistance. The resistance mechanisms of ten pesticides are known, but a comprehensive study using transcriptome data is missing.

Role of interleukin-18 in mediating the impacts of celiac disease on osteoporosis: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Extensive observational data suggest a link between celiac disease (CeD) and osteoporosis, but the causality and mediating mechanism remain undetermined. Herein, we performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to address these concerns.

Methods: We obtained the summary-level statistics for CeD from a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) comprising 4,533 cases and 10,750 controls of European ancestry.

Axin1 regulates tooth root development by inhibiting AKT1-mTORC1 activation and Shh translation in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath.

Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) interacts with dental apical mesenchyme and guides development of the tooth root, which is integral to the function of the whole tooth. However, the key genes in HERS essential for root development are understudied. Here, we show that Axin1, a scaffold protein that negatively regulates canonical Wnt signaling, is strongly expressed in the HERS.

Protective effect of afamin protein against oxidative stress related injury in human ovarian granulosa cells.

Background: Ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) play crucial roles in follicular growth and development. Their normal function is influenced by various factors, including oxidative stress, which is a significant factor. Afamin protein is a vitamin E-specific binding protein that acts as a vitamin E carrier in follicular fluid.

Plant essential oils combined with organic acids restored lipopolysaccharide-induced leaky intestine via gut microbial modulation in weaned piglets.

Intestine derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is closely related to systemic inflammation and disorders, yet little is known about its roles in the weanling stress of piglets and its potential as a nutritional intervention target. This study aimed to investigate the potential of essential oils (EO) and organic acids (OA) in mitigating weaning stress in piglets by modulating the circulation of intestine derived LPS. Seventy-two weaned piglets at 21 d old with body weight of 8.

[Research progress on the changes of blood-brain barrier in sepsis-associated encephalopathy].

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is the most common neurological complication of sepsis, with an incidence of up to 70% in sepsis, and contributes to the increased mortality and disability in sepsis. To date, the exact pathogenesis of SAE is not clear. Most of current researches indicated that blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, active neuroinflammation, glial cell over activation as well as cerebral microcirculation dysfunction contributed to the pathophysiology of SAE.

Identifying risk factors for severe omicron infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with hematologic malignancies.

Background: In December 2022, a large-scale epidemic occurred in China due to Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. This study explored risk factors for Omicron infection in transplant recipients at our institution and investigated the factors influencing the severity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection among recipients of allo-HSCT.

Methods: This single-center study investigated totally 63 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients infected with Omicron variant at the Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital Transplant Center during December 2022 and analyzed their risk factors.

Optimizing Fatigue Performance in Gradient Structural Steels by Manipulating the Grain Size Gradient Rate.

As a new type of high-performance material, gradient structural steel is widely used in engineering fields due to its unique microstructure and excellent mechanical properties. For the prevalent fatigue failure problem, the rate of change in the local grain size gradients along the structure (referred to as the gradient rate) is a key parameter in the design of gradient structures, which significantly affects the fatigue performance of gradient structural steel. In this study, a new method of 'Voronoi primary + secondary modeling' is adopted to successfully establish three typical high-strength steel models corresponding to the convex-, linear-, and concave-type gradient rates for gradient structures, focusing on the stress-strain response and crack propagation in structural steel with different gradient rates under cyclic loading.

Nucleotide metabolism-related host proteins RNA polymerase II subunit and uridine phosphorylase 1 interacting with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus N proteins affect viral replication.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly infectious pathogen that targets pig intestines to cause disease. It is globally widespread and causes huge economic losses to the pig industry. PEDV N protein is the protein that constitutes the core of PEDV virus particles, and most of it is expressed in the cytoplasm, and a small part can also be expressed in the nucleus.