Biochar and bentonite application improves aeolian sandy soil health and enhances soil carbon sequestration and emission reduction potential.

Aeolian sandy soil is barren and readily leads to low fertilizer utilization rates and yields. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of these soils. In this paper, three kinds of biochar (rice husk, corn stalk, and bamboo charcoal) and bentonite were used as amendments in the first year of the experiment.

Evolutionary study and structural basis of proton sensing by Mus GPR4 and Xenopus GPR4.

Animals have evolved pH-sensing membrane receptors, such as G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4), to monitor pH changes related to their physiology and generate adaptive reactions. However, the evolutionary trajectory and structural mechanism of proton sensing by GPR4 remain unresolved. Here, we observed a positive correlation between the optimal pH of GPR4 activity and the blood pH range across different species.

Generation of Multiple-Depth 3D Computer-Generated Holograms from 2D-Image-Datasets Trained CNN.

Generating computer-generated holograms (CGHs) for 3D scenes by learning-based methods can reconstruct arbitrary 3D scenes with higher quality and faster speed. However, the homogenization and difficulty of obtaining 3D high-resolution datasets seriously limit the generalization ability of the model. A novel approach is proposed to train 3D encoding models based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using 2D image datasets.

New equivalent resistance formula of [Formula: see text] rectangular resistor network represented by Chebyshev polynomials.

In the process of exploring the field of circuits, obtaining the exact solution of the equivalent resistance between two nodes in a resistor network has become an important problem. This paper aims to introduce Chebyshev polynomial of the second kind to improve the equivalent resistance formula of [Formula: see text] rectangular resistor network, thereby improving the calculation efficiency. Additionally, the discrete sine transform of the first kind (DST-I) is utilized to solve the modeling equation.

Exploring the salty peptides of enzymatically hydrolyzed Volvariella volvacea protein: Structural analysis and taste perception insights.

This study aimed to prepare and screen salty peptides and elucidate the factors triggering their saltiness properties and saltiness-enhancing effects. Electronic tongue results indicated that samples treated with Alcalase (AJ) exhibited the highest saltiness intensity (5.05 ± 0.

Dual ligand-enabled iron and halogen-containing carboxylate-based photocatalysis for chloro/fluoro-polyhaloalkylation of alkenes.

Herein, we demonstrate a practical dual ligand-enabled iron photocatalysis paradigm-converting all kinds of halogen-containing carboxylates (C X COO, X: F, Cl, Br) into C X radicals for the valuable chloro/fluoro-polyhaloalkylation of non-activated alkenes with easily available trichloroacetonitrile/Selectfluor as the electrophilic halogenation reagent. The modular assembly of the effective iron and C X COO-based light-harvesting species using the two ligands-OMe/CF-substituted bipyridine and acetonitrile/trichloroacetonitrile is evidenced by detailed mechanistic studies. The late-stage modification, low loading amount of iron (TON: 257) and feasible gram-scale synthesis show the utility of this protocol.

Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological interventions for cancer-related insomnia: a study protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Cancer-related insomnia (CRI), a significant concurrent symptom of cancer, profoundly impacts patients. Non-pharmacological interventions include cognitive behavioural therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction programmes, bright light, acupuncture, exercise and music therapies and tai chi. These approaches, unlike pharmacological treatments, exhibit minimal adverse effects, without drug-drug interactions.

Effect of Surface Anions Adsorbed by Rutile TiO (001) on Photocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: A Density Functional Theory Calculation.

The adsorption of common anions found in water can have a considerable impact on the surface state and optical characteristics of titanium dioxide (TiO), which has an important impact on the photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). This work utilizes density functional theory (DFT) computations to examine the electronic and optical characteristics of the TiO (001) surface under various anion adsorptions in order to clarify their influence on the photocatalytic NRR of TiO. The modifications in the structure, optical, and electronic properties of TiO before and after anion adsorption are investigated.

A protectant for Lactobacillus rhamnosus based on whey protein isolate and isomalt: Stress resistance and underlying mechanisms.

Probiotics are exposed to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses during food fermentation and production, such as acidity, heat, osmolality, and oxidation, which affect their metabolic activity and efficiency. Therefore, it is essential to develop new protective agents to maintain the activity and stability of probiotics. This study introduces a new protectant, spray-dried whey protein isolate (WPI) and isomaltose (ISO).

A novel formula for representing the equivalent resistance of the cylindrical resistor network.

The problem of solving the equivalent resistance between two points for resistor networks has important significance in physics. This paper mainly changes and rewrites the formula for calculating the resistance between two points of an unconventional cylindrical resistor network with a zero resistor axis and any two left and right boundaries. To enhance the efficiency of calculating the equivalent resistance between two points, Chebyshev polynomials and hyperbolic cosine functions are employed to represent the new formula.

CRISPR screening uncovers nucleolar RPL22 as a heterochromatin destabilizer and senescence driver.

Dysfunction of the ribosome manifests during cellular senescence and contributes to tissue aging, functional decline, and development of aging-related disorders in ways that have remained enigmatic. Here, we conducted a comprehensive CRISPR-based loss-of-function (LOF) screen of ribosome-associated genes (RAGs) in human mesenchymal progenitor cells (hMPCs). Through this approach, we identified ribosomal protein L22 (RPL22) as the foremost RAG whose deficiency mitigates the effects of cellular senescence.

Restriction-induced time-dependent transcytolemmal water exchange: Revisiting the Kӓrger exchange model.

The Kӓrger model and its derivatives have been widely used to incorporate transcytolemmal water exchange rate, an essential characteristic of living cells, into analyses of diffusion MRI (dMRI) signals from tissues. The Kӓrger model consists of two homogeneous exchanging components coupled by an exchange rate constant and assumes measurements are made with sufficiently long diffusion time and slow water exchange. Despite successful applications, it remains unclear whether these assumptions are generally valid for practical dMRI sequences and biological tissues.

Recent Advances in Oral Vaccines for Animals.

Compared to traditional injected vaccines, oral vaccines offer significant advantages for the immunization of livestock and wildlife due to their ease of use, high compliance, improved safety, and potential to stimulate mucosal immune responses and induce systemic immunity against pathogens. This review provides an overview of the delivery methods for oral vaccines, and the factors that influence their immunogenicity. We also highlight the global progress and achievements in the development and use of oral vaccines for animals, shedding light on potential future applications in this field.

Joint estimation of compartment-specific T relaxation and tumor microstructure using multi-TE IMPULSED MRI.

Purpose: This study aims to assess how T2 heterogeneity biases IMPULSED-derived metrics of tissue microstructure in solid tumors and evaluate the potential of estimating multi-compartmental T2 and microstructural parameters simultaneously.

Methods: This study quantifies the impact of T2 relaxation on IMPULSED-derived microstructural parameters using computer simulations and in vivo multi-TE IMPULSED MRI in five tumor models, including brain, breast, prostate, melanoma, and colon cancer. A comprehensive T + IMPULSED method was developed to fit multi-compartmental T and microstructural parameters simultaneously.

Comprehensive characterization of tumor therapeutic response with simultaneous mapping cell size, density, and transcytolemmal water exchange.

Early assessment of tumor therapeutic response is an important topic in precision medicine to optimize personalized treatment regimens and reduce unnecessary toxicity, cost, and delay. Although diffusion MRI (dMRI) has shown potential to address this need, its predictive accuracy is limited, likely due to its unspecific sensitivity to overall pathological changes. In this work, we propose a new quantitative dMRI-based method dubbed EXCHANGE (MRI of water Exchange, Confined and Hindered diffusion under Arbitrary Gradient waveform Encodings) for simultaneous mapping of cell size, cell density, and transcytolemmal water exchange.

Comparative effect of different mindfulness-based intervention types and deliveries on depression in patients with breast cancer: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Breast cancer has become the most common cancer worldwide. Various types of mindfulness-based interventions (e.g.

A point prevalence survey and monitoring indicator research on the second batch of national key monitoring and rational use drugs.

Background: With the remarkable effect of controlling the increase in drug costs by the first batch of National Key Monitoring and Rational Use Drugs (first NKMRUDs), the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China releases the second NKMRUDs to further strengthen the reasonable use of drugs. Unfortunately, the second NKMRUDs include some drugs of National Volume-based Procurement and National Essential Medicines, which challenges the management of pharmaceutical affairs on the three kinds of drugs.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the second NKMRUDs and explore their monitoring indicators.

Iron photocatalysis via Brønsted acid-unlocked ligand-to-metal charge transfer.

Reforming sustainable 3d-metal-based visible light catalytic platforms for inert bulk chemical activation is highly desirable. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a Brønsted acid to unlock robust and practical iron ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) photocatalysis for the activation of multifarious inert haloalkylcarboxylates (CXCOO, X = F or Cl) to produce CX radicals. This process enables the fluoro-polyhaloalkylation of non-activated alkenes by combining easily available Selectfluor as a fluorine source.

Genetic Foundation of Male Spur Length and Its Correlation with Female Egg Production in Chickens.

Spurs, which mainly appear in roosters, are protrusions near the tarsometatarsus on both sides of the calves of chickens, and are connected to the tarsometatarsus by a bony core. As a male-biased morphological characteristic, the diameter and length of spurs vary significantly between different individuals, mainly related to genetics and age. As a specific behavior of hens, egg-laying also varies greatly between individuals in terms of traits such as age at first egg (), egg weight (), and so on.