Circulating short-chain and branched short-chain fatty acids and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: findings from the 4C study.

Previous studies suggested that fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched short-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are associated with glucose regulation. However, the potential relationship between circulating SCFAs and BCFAs with incident diabetes risk in both men and women remains unidentified in prospective cohort studies. In this study, we examined a panel of nine serum SCFAs and BCFAs in 3414 subjects with incident diabetes, and matched normoglycemic controls from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort study.

Disruption of tryptophan metabolism by high-fat diet-triggered maternal immune activation promotes social behavioral deficits in male mice.

Diet-related maternal obesity has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders in progeny. Although the precise mechanisms and effective interventions remain uncertain, our research elucidates some of these complexities. We established that a prenatal high-fat diet triggered maternal immune activation (MIA), marked by elevated serum lipopolysaccharide levels and inflammatory-cytokine overproduction, which dysregulated the maternal tryptophan metabolism promoting the accumulation of neurotoxic kynurenine metabolites in the embryonic brain.

Relationship between atherogenic index of plasma and length of stay in critically ill patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a retrospective cohort study and predictive modeling based on machine learning.

Background: The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is considered an important marker of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk. However, its potential role in predicting length of stay (LOS), especially in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), remains to be explored. We investigated the effect of AIP on hospital LOS in critically ill ASCVD patients and explored the risk factors affecting LOS in conjunction with machine learning.

Oliv. Bark Extracts Alleviate MCAO/Reperfusion-Induced Neurological Dysfunction by Suppressing Microglial Inflammation in the Gray Matter.

Ischemic stroke ranks as the second leading cause of global mortality. The limited time for effective thrombolytic treatment has prompted the exploration of alternative prevention approaches. () Oliv.

Comprehensive evaluation of the nutritional value and contaminants of alfalfa ( L.) in China.

Introduction: Alfalfa is used as a feed source for animals and plays an important role in animal nutrition. Nutritional value analysis and contamination evaluation are essential for sustainable utilisation to ensure the quality and safety of alfalfa.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the nutritional value and safety of alfalfa in five major regions in China-the Northeast Plain (NP), Inner Mongolia Plateau (IMP), Northwest Desert Oasis (NO), Loess Plateau (LP), and Huanghuaihai Plain (HP).

Adsorption of Ni(II) from Aqueous Solution by Wheat Straw Modified with Mercaptopropionyl Functional Groups.

Mercaptopropionyl wheat straw (MPWS) was prepared as an adsorbent by modifying wheat straw with mercaptopropionyl groups, and the ability of MPWS for the removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution was examined. The removal of Ni(II) by using MPWS was identified through investigating the impacts of MPWS dosage, adsorption temperature, and adsorption time. Different models for the adsorption isotherm and kinetics were utilized to fit the experimental results and elucidate the mechanism of MPWS for Ni(II).

The causal association of Cardiometabolic diseases and Sepsis-related outcomes: A Mendelian randomization and population study.

Objective: The causality between CMD and sepsis has remained largely unknown. To elucidate this, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) and population study.

Methods: Firstly, we used univariable and multivariable MR analyses to investigate causal associations between CMD and sepsis-related outcomes.

Alkaline Phosphatase-Regulated DNAzyme Cleavage Coupled with CRISPR/Cas12a for Quantitative Detection of Deoxynivalenol in Agricultural Crops.

Sensitive and simplified detection of a mycotoxin such as deoxynivalenol (DON) is crucial for food safety. In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas technology has demonstrated significant potential in detecting non-nucleic acids. Herein, we present a triple enzyme-assisted fluorescence immunoassay (TEFIA) that integrates alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-regulated DNAzyme cleavage with the CRISPR/Cas12a assay for the accurate detection of mycotoxin.

Assessment of Riociguat-related adverse events: a disproportionality analysis utilizing the FDA adverse event reporting system database.

Background: Riociguat is a novel soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Despite its widespread use, there has been a lack of large-scale studies assessing the adverse events (AEs) associated with this medication.

Research Design And Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the AEs related to Riociguat by analyzing data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from Q4 2013 to Q1 2024.

Ecosystem services value for water provisioning in the Shule River Basin of northwestern China: Spatial and temporal evolution and drivers from 2000 to 2022.

The economic and social functions of water provision have become increasingly important with the gradual scarcity of water resources due to global change. We assessed the spatial and temporal dynamics of the value of ecosystem water-provisioning services in terms of the monetary value shown in the Shule River Basin from 2000 to 2022 to sustain the structure, functionality, and stability of ecosystems. This provides an important reference for the optimization of ecosystem services in the basin and the scientific allocation of water resources.

TMBocelot: an omnibus statistical control model optimizing the TMB thresholds with systematic measurement errors.

Tumor mutation burden (TMB), defined as the number of somatic mutations of tumor DNA, is a well-recognized immunotherapy biomarker endorsed by regulatory agencies and pivotal in stratifying patients for clinical decision-making. However, measurement errors can compromise the accuracy of TMB assessments and the reliability of clinical outcomes, introducing bias into statistical inferences and adversely affecting TMB thresholds through cumulative and magnified effects. Given the unavoidable errors with current technologies, it is essential to adopt modeling methods to determine the optimal TMB-positive threshold.

Bioequivalence of Water-Soluble Progesterone Injection (GenSci070) in Healthy Chinese Postmenopausal Women Volunteers.

Purpose: To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of progesterone (GenSci070) in healthy Chinese postmenopausal women volunteers and to evaluate the bioequivalence and safety of GenSci070 and reference formulation.

Methods: In this randomized, open-label, single-center, single-dose, 2-period, 2-sequence, 2-way crossover study, 50 postmenopausal healthy women were recruited and received a single subcutaneous injection of test (GenSci070) or reference formulation 25 mg, respectively. Plasma progesterone concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental analysis method using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.

Individualized blood pressure regulation and acute kidney injury in older patients having major abdominal surgery: a pilot randomized trial.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common postoperative complication, and hypotension may contribute. We therefore tested the primary hypothesis that individualized intraoperative blood pressure regulation reduces postoperative AKI in older surgical patients.

Methods: We enrolled patients ≥60 years old scheduled for elective major abdominal surgery with invasive arterial pressure monitoring.

Exploring age and gender disparities in cardiometabolic phenotypes and lipidomic signatures among Chinese adults: a nationwide cohort study.

Understanding sex disparities in modifiable risk factors across the lifespan is essential for crafting individualized intervention strategies. We aim to investigate age-related sex disparity in cardiometabolic phenotypes in a large nationwide Chinese cohort. A total of 254,670 adults aged 40 years or older were selected from a population-based cohort in China.

Effect of CXCR2 Deficiency in HeLa Cell on the Regulatory Network of Coding Genes and Non-Coding RNAs.

Objective: C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) plays a crucial role in inflammation and immunity, and the involvement of chemokine receptors in the tumor microenvironment is extensively documented. However, the impact of CXCR2 deficiency on the complete transcriptome, including mRNA and ncRNAs, in tumor cells remains unclear.

Methods: In this study, we aimed to identify differentially expressed (DE) messenger RNA (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in CXCR2 knockout HeLa cells through transcriptome sequencing and to construct regulatory networks.

[Retracted] Norcantharidin induces ferroptosis via the suppression of NRF2/HO‑1 signaling in ovarian cancer cells.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.

Role of M1/M2 macrophages in pain modulation.

Pain is a signal of inflammation that can have both protective and pathogenic effects. Macrophages, significant components of the immune system, play crucial roles in the occurrence and development of pain, particularly in neuroimmune communication. Macrophages exhibit plasticity and heterogeneity, adopting either pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes depending on their functional orientation.

Sepsis-associated endothelial glycocalyx damage: a review of animal models, clinical evidence, and molecular mechanisms.

In the mammalian cardiovascular system, endothelial glycocalyx is a gel-like layer that covers the luminal surface of endothelial cells (ECs) and plays crucial roles in vascular homeostasis, permeability and leukocyte adhesion. Degradation of this structure occurs early in sepsis and becomes accordingly dysfunctional. In severe cases, it is not self-regulated by the organism.

Copper-catalyzed intermolecular Regio- and Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Alkenes with Prochiral Silanes.

This study presents a copper-catalyzed, substrate-controlled regio- and enantioselective intermolecular hydrosilylation method capable of accommodating a broad scope of alkenes and prochiral silanes. The approach offers an efficient and versatile pathway to generate enantioenriched linear and branched alkyl-substituted Si-stereogenic silanes. Key features of this reaction include mild reaction conditions, simple catalytic systems, compatibility with diverse substrates, high yields and enantioselectivities.

Predicting the potential distribution of Astragali Radix in China under climate change adopting the MaxEnt model.

Introduction: Astragali Radix is the dried root of Astragalus mongoliae or Astragalus membranaceus, a leguminous plant. Since ancient times, Astragali Radix has been widely used in Chinese traditional Chinese medicine. As people become more health-conscious, the market demand for Astragali Radix grows and its popularity is increasing in the international market.

OCRClassifier: integrating statistical control chart into machine learning framework for better detecting open chromatin regions.

Open chromatin regions (OCRs) play a crucial role in transcriptional regulation and gene expression. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing data to detect OCRs. By analyzing the characteristics of cfDNA fragments and their sequencing coverage, researchers can differentiate OCRs from non-OCRs.

Inter- and intracellular mitochondrial communication: signaling hubs in aging and age-related diseases.

Mitochondria are versatile and complex organelles that can continuously communicate and interact with the cellular milieu. Deregulated communication between mitochondria and host cells/organelles has significant consequences and is an underlying factor of many pathophysiological conditions, including the process of aging. During aging, mitochondria lose function, and mitocellular communication pathways break down; mitochondrial dysfunction interacts with mitochondrial dyscommunication, forming a vicious circle.

Lnc_011797 promotes ferroptosis and aggravates white matter lesions.

Recent evidence suggests that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of white matter lesions. However, the mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved in ferroptosis within white matter lesions remain unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to influence the occurrence and development of these lesions.

Advances in B Cell Targeting for Treating Muscle-Specific Tyrosine Kinase-Associated Myasthenia Gravis.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a typical autoimmune disease of the nervous system. It is characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue due to impaired neuromuscular junction transmission mediated by IgG autoantibodies. Muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase-associated MG (MuSK-MG), a rare and severe subtype of MG, is distinguished by the presence of anti-MuSK antibodies; it responds poorly to traditional therapies.