Spirochrains A-D, Four Caged [5,6,5] Spirocyclic Amides from an Antarctic Fungus SCSIO 05702 with Anti-RSV Activities.

Spirochrains A-D, four undescribed spirocyclic amides, were obtained from an Antarctic fungus, SCSIO 05702. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis and quantum calculations. Spirochrains A-D possess a rarely reported cage-like 5/6/5 fused spirocyclic amide scaffold.

Protective effect of Huanglian Pingwei San on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice through amelioration of the inflammatory response and oxidative stress.

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) results in the breakdown of the mucosal barrier caused by persistent inflammation and oxidative stress. Huanglian Pingwei San (HLPWS) is a commonly prescribed traditional Chinese medicine for treating colitis, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the protective effect of HLPWS on UC mice and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved.

Aminated graphene oxide reinforced gelatin-chitosan composite films toward biopackaging: Preparation and properties.

Developing high-performance biobased composite films has garnered increasing attention in recent years. Herein, a new nano-reinforcement strategy for gelatin-chitosan composite film (GCCF) was proposed. Aminated graphene oxide (AGO) was first prepared via the modification of GO using ethylenediamine, and subsequently incorporated into GCCF to finally fabricate an AGO modified GCCF composite film (AGCCF).

New 24-Membered Macrolactines from an Arctic Bacterium SCSIO 41392 and Their Anti-Pathogenicity Evaluation.

Three new 24-membered macrolactines, amylomacrolactines A-C (-), along with two known compounds and , were isolated from the Arctic bacteria SCSIO 41392. The configurations of - were assigned by a combination of coupling constants, NOESY, and analysis of MM2-optimized conformation, as well as by comparison with reports in the literature. Compounds and showed quorum sensing (QS) inhibitory activities against the PQS system and suppressed PQS-regulated virulence factor pyocyanin synthesis.

Flexible and transparent ultra-broadband low-profile frequency selective rasorber.

An ultra-broadband, low-profile, flexible, and transparent frequency selective rasorber (FSR) is designed based on indium tin oxide (ITO) film. The -1 dB transmission band of the resistive sheet and the bandpass FSS are 0.10 - 8.

Optical skyrmion and its "zipper-like" topological behavior in an energy flux field.

The optical skyrmion and its topological behavior are analyzed in an energy flux field constructed by an X-type vortex in a high numerical aperture system. The conditions for the formation of a skyrmion structure in this field are discussed, showing that the vortex pattern of the transverse energy flow and the inverse energy flow are crucial for the skyrmions and also are controlled by the phase gradient of the X-type vortex. Notably, the "zipper-like" topological reaction, which is the first, to our knowledge, found in ferromagnetic materials, is observed, and the physical mechanism is also explained by the relation of orbital angular momentum density and Poynting vectors.

One New Quinazoline-Containing Diketopiperazine Isolated from the Marine-Sponge-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO41043.

One new quinazoline-containing diketopiperazine (1), along with 24 known compounds including nine alkaloids (2-9, and 25), thirteen lactones (10-22), aspterric acid (23), and catechol (24), were isolated from the marine sponge-derived Penicillium sp. SCSIO41043. Their planar structures were unequivocally elucidated by spectroscopic analysis.

Structurally Diverse Secondary Metabolites from a Deep-Sea Derived Cladosporium sp. SCSIO 41318and Their Biological Evaluation.

Four new compounds, including one drimane sesquiterpene lactone (1), one isocoumarin (2), one coumarin (3), and a new natural product (4), as well as fourteen known compounds were obtained from a deep-sea derived Cladosporium sp. SCSIO 41318. The structures of the new compounds were determined using extensive NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analysis, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements.

Antitumor aspochalasin and antiviral benzofuran derivatives from a marine-derived fungus sp. SCSIO41032.

Chemical investigation of the EtOAc extract of a deep-sea derived fungus sp. SCSIO41032 resulted in the isolation of ten known compounds, including eight aspochalasins. Their structures were elucidated by using extensive NMR spectroscopic, mass spectrometric and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

Novel Metabolites from the Marine-Derived Fungus sp. SCSIO41203 Show Promising In Vitro Antitumor Activity as Methuosis Inducers in PC-3 Cells.

Two new cytochalasin derivatives, peniotrinins A () and B (), three new citrinin derivatives, peniotrinins C-E (, , ), and one new tetramic acid derivative, peniotrinin F (), along with nine structurally related known compounds, were isolated from the solid culture of sp. SCSIO41203. Their structures, including the absolute configurations of their stereogenic carbons, were fully elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations, and the calculated ECD.

Neuroprotective azaphilones from a deep-sea derived fungus sp. SCSIO41030.

Ten azaphilones including one pair of new epimers and three new ones, penineulones A-E (1-5) with the same structural core of angular deflectin, were obtained from a deep-sea derived sp. SCSIO41030 fermented on a liquid medium. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated using chiral-phase HPLC analysis, extensive NMR spectroscopic and HRESIMS data, ECD and NMR calculations, and by comparing NMR data with literature data.

Effects of secukinumab combined with tretinoin on metabolism, liver enzymes, and inflammatory factors in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris.

Introduction: Psoriasis is a T cell-mediated polygenic chronic inflammatory disease. Interleukin (IL)-17A plays a major role in psoriasis pathogenesis. Secukinumab is a high-affinity human monoclonal antibody against IL-17A.

Genome Mining Uncovers a Flavoenzyme-Catalyzed Isomerization Process during the Maturation of Pyrenophorol Dilactones.

The biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for the production of C2-asymmetric 16-membered dilactones, including pyrenophorol and its derivatives, was discovered through genome mining of polyketides from a sponge-derived fungus. The biosynthetic pathway of the pyrenophorol dilactones was subsequently elucidated. A distinctive flavoenzyme PylE was identified to catalyze the isomerization of the 4-alcohol-2,3-unsaturated moiety within the dilactone scaffold, resulting in the formation of a 1,4-diketone.

Two New Isocoumarins Isolated from the Marine-Sponge-Derived Fungus Setosphaeria sp. SCSIO41009.

Two new dihydroisocoumarins, exserolides L and M (1 and 2), along with six known compounds (3-8) were isolated from the extract of the marine-sponge-derived fungus Setosphaeria sp. SCSIO41009. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analyses.

Secondary Metabolites from the Coral-Derived Fungus SCSIO41227 with Pancreatic Lipase and Neuraminidase Inhibitory Activities.

The coral-derived fungus SCSIO41227 from Beibu Gulf yielded four previously uncharacterized compounds, namely asperpentenones B-E (-), along with twelve known compounds (-). Their structures were elucidated using HRESIMS and NMR (H and C NMR, HSQC, HMBC), among which the stereo-structure of compounds - was determined by calculated ECD. Furthermore, compounds - were evaluated in terms of their enzyme (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), pancreatic lipase (PL), and neuraminidase (NA)) inhibitory activities.

New Fusarin Derivatives from the Marine Algicolous Fungus SCSIO41040.

Five new fusarin derivatives, steckfusarins A-E (-), and two known natural products (, ), were isolated and identified from the marine algicolous fungus SCSIO 41040. The new compounds, including absolute configurations, were determined by spectroscopic analyses and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD). All new compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) enzyme and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFKFB3) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitory activities.

Bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids and bacillibactin from the marine-derived fungus SCSIO 41041 and their enzyme inhibiting activity.

Twelve compounds, including eleven bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids (-), and one bacillibactin () were identified from marine-derived fungus SCSIO 41041 isolated from . The chemical structures were elucidated by the basis of spectroscopic evidences, including HRESIMS, NMR and optical rotation. Biologically, all compounds were evaluated for their acetyl cholin-esterase (AChE) enzyme, pancreatic lipase (PL) enzyme, neuraminidase (NA) and phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitory activities.

Cytotoxic phenazine and antiallergic phenoxazine alkaloids from an arctic Nocardiopsis dassonvillei SCSIO 502F.

Microbes well-adapted to the Arctic Ocean are promising for producing novel compounds, due to their fancy strategies for adaptation and being under-investigated. Two new phenazine alkaloids (1 and 2) and one new phenoxazine (3) were isolated from Nocardiopsis dassonvillei 502F, a strain originally isolated from Arctic deep-sea sediments. AntiSMASH analysis of the genome of Nocardiopsis dassonvillei 502F revealed the presence of 16 putative biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), including a phenazine BGC.

Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Activity of Novel 3,6-Diunsaturated 2,5-Diketopiperazines.

Based on the marine natural products piperafizine B, XR334, and our previously reported compound , fourteen novel 3,6-diunsaturated 2,5-diketopiperazine (2,5-DKP) derivatives (, , -, -), together with two known ones ( and ), were designed and synthesized as anticancer agents against the A549 and Hela cell lines. The MTT assay results showed that the derivatives , - and had moderate to good anticancer capacities, with IC values ranging from 0.7 to 8.

Cytotoxic pyridine alkaloids from a marine-derived fungus Arthrinium arundinis exhibiting apoptosis-inducing activities against small cell lung cancer.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a kind of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma, which is characterized by a higher proliferative rate, earlier metastasis and more poor outcomes compared to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Under the guidance of MS/MS based molecular networking, three undescribed pyridone alkaloids, namely, arthpyrones M-O (1-3), together with two known pyridone derivatives, arthpyrones C (4) and G (5), were isolated from a sponge-derived Arthrinium arundinis. Their structures were determined through extensive spectroscopic analysis, ECD calculations, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction.

Novel Biomass-Based Polymeric Dyes: Preparation and Performance Assessment in the Dyeing of Biomass-Derived Aldehyde-Tanned Leather.

High-performance chrome-free leather production is currently one of the most concerning needs to warrant the sustainable development of the leather industry due to the serious chrome pollution. Driven by these research challenges, this work explores using biobased polymeric dyes (BPDs) based on dialdehyde starch and reactive small-molecule dye (reactive red 180, RD-180) as novel dyeing agents for leather tanned using a chrome-free, biomass-derived aldehyde tanning agent (BAT). FTIR, H NMR, XPS, and UV-visible spectrometry analyses indicated that a Schiff base structure was generated between the aldehyde group of dialdehyde starch (DST) and the amino group of RD-180, resulting in the successful load of RD-180 on DST to produce BPD.

Hydrothermal conversion of biomass to fuels, chemicals and materials: A review holistically connecting product properties and marketable applications.

Biomass is a renewable and carbon-neutral resource with good features for producing biofuels, biochemicals, and biomaterials. Among the different technologies developed to date to convert biomass into such commodities, hydrothermal conversion (HC) is a very appealing and sustainable option, affording marketable gaseous (primarily containing H, CO, CH, and CO), liquid (biofuels, aqueous phase carbohydrates, and inorganics), and solid products (energy-dense biofuels (up to 30 MJ/kg) with excellent functionality and strength). Given these prospects, this publication first-time puts together essential information on the HC of lignocellulosic and algal biomasses covering all the steps involved.

Liver Protection of a Low-Polarity Fraction from Hance, Prepared by Supercritical CO Fluid Extraction, on CCl-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice via Inhibiting Apoptosis and Ferroptosis Mediated by Strengthened Antioxidation.

Hance (FPH) is a Chinese herbal medicine widely used for health care. This study was designed to investigate the alleviation efficacy of the low-polarity ingredients of FPH (FPHLP), prepared by supercritical CO fluid extraction technology, against CCl-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice and uncover its underlying mechanism. The results showed that FPHLP had a good antioxidative effect determined by the DPPH free radical scavenging activity test and T-AOC assay.

Tanzawaic Acid Derivatives from the Marine-Derived as Inhibitors of RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis.

Seven new tanzawaic acid derivatives, steckwaic acids E-K (-), and one new benzene derivate (), together with seven known tanzawaic acid analogues (-) were isolated from the marine algicolous fungus SCSIO 41040. The structures and absolute configurations of these new compounds (-) were determined by spectroscopic analyses, X-ray diffraction, and comparison of ECD spectra to calculations. Compounds , , and inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) with IC values of 10.

Ochrathinols A and B, two pairs of sulfur-containing racemates from an Antarctic fungus Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis SCSIO 05702 inhibit LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO production.

Ochrathinols A and B ((±)-1 and (±)-2), two undescribed sulfur-containing racemates, and ochracids A and B (3 and 4), two unprecedented pyrrolizidine alkaloids, were isolated from an Antarctic soil-derived fungus Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis SCSIO 05702. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined through extensive spectroscopic analysis, chiral-phase HPLC analysis, quantum ECD calculations, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Ochrathinols A and B are unprecedented sulfur natural products featuring a novel 3-methylhexahydro-2H-cyclopenta [b]thiophene core.