The cross-resistance to etofenprox in Nilaparvata lugens with a high adaptability to resistant rice variety IR56.

Background: The application of resistant rice varieties and insecticides represents two crucial strategies for managing the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Insects often employ similar detoxification mechanisms to metabolize plant secondary metabolites and insecticides, which poses a potential risk that BPH population adapted to resistant rice may also obtain resistance to some insecticides.

Results: Here in a BPH population (R-IR56) that has adapted to the resistant rice variety IR56 through continuous selection, the moderate resistance to etofenprox was observed.

Overexpression of ace2 compensating for the acetylcholinesterase activity loss from ace1 mutations accelerated the development of eggs and early nymphs in Nilaparvata lugens.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) guarantees the acetylcholine signal in insect central nervous system, and is the target of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides, towards which resistance was often reported due to AChE mutations. In Nilaparvata lugens, a major pest on rice, two mutations (G119S and F331C) were detected in AChE1 in a chlorpyrifos-resistant (CHL) strain. The double mutations in AChE1 reduced total AChE activity in metabolizing acetylcholine, such as low protein stability, substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency, which needed compensation in a special way.

Akt-FoxO signaling drives co-adaptation to insecticide and host plant stresses in an herbivorous insect.

Introduction: Ongoing interactions between host and herbivorous insect trigger a co-evolutionary arms race. Genetic diversity within insects facilitates their adaptation to phytochemicals and their derivatives, including plant-derived insecticides. Cytochrome P450s play important roles in metabolizing phytochemicals and insecticides, due to their diversity and almost perfect evolution.

Knockdown of Fzr inhibited the growth of Nilaparvata lugens by blocking endocycle.

Background: The endocycle can generate cells referred to as 'polyploid'. Fizzy-related protein (Fzr) plays an important role in driving the mitosis-to-endocycle transition. The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), a serious insect pest, feeds exclusively on rice.

Ordered spatial configuration protects representations of dissimilar items and reduces the similarity effect in visual working memory.

Although similarity could improve visual working memory (VWM) performance, it remains unclear how the spatial configuration of visual information influences the similarity effect in VWM. We explored this question by manipulating the orderliness of spatial configuration (ordered vs. scrambled) in the simultaneous (Experiment 1) and sequential (Experiment 2) change detection tasks.

Differences in nature killer cell response and interference with mitochondrial DNA induced apoptosis in moxifloxacin environment.

Objectives: As antibiotics become more prevalent, accuracy and safety are critical. Moxifloxacin (MXF) have been reported to have immunomodulatory effects on a variety of immune cells and even anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, but the mechanism of action is not fully clear.

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from experimental groups of healthy adults (n = 3) were treated with MXF (10ug/ml) in vitro for 24 h.

Machine learning based peri-surgical risk calculator for abdominal related emergency general surgery: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Currently, there is a lack of ideal risk prediction tools in the field of emergency general surgery (EGS). The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma recommends developing risk assessment tools specifically for EGS-related diseases. In this study, we sought to utilize machine learning (ML) algorithms to explore and develop a web-based calculator for predicting five perioperative risk events of eight common operations in EGS.

Development of chitosan/carrageenan macrobeads for encapsulation of Paenibacillus polymyxa and its biocontrol efficiency against clubroot disease in Brassica crops.

Clubroot, caused by the obligate parasite Plasmodiophora brassicae, is one of the most important diseases of brassicas. The antagonistic bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa ZF129 can suppress clubroot while its effectiveness is often unstable. To control clubroot more effectively, the macrobeads for controlled release of ZF129 were prepared using microencapsulation technology.

The occurrence of clubroot in cruciferous crops correlates with the chemical and microbial characteristics of soils.

Clubroot disease, caused by , is a serious soil-borne disease in Brassica crops worldwide. It seriously occurs in conducive soils of southern China, while never happens in some areas of northern China with suppressive soils. To understanding the differences, we measured the soil suppressiveness, chemical properties, and microbial communities in suppressive and conducive soils by bioassay and sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA amplicons.

Season of delivery and risk of venous thromboembolism during hospitalization among pregnant women.

Background: Seasons were found to be related to the occurrences of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients. No previous study has explored whether seasons were associated with VTE risk in pregnant women. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the season of delivery and VTE risk during hospitalization among pregnant women.

The transcription factor CREB3-2 regulated neutral lipase gene expression in ovary of Nilaparvata lugens.

The cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 (CREB3) members have unique regulatory roles in cellular lipid metabolism as transcription factors. Two CREB3 proteins in Nilaparvata lugens were identified and analyzed. In ovary, when silencing NlCREB3-2, triacylglycerol (TAG) content dramatically increased but glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA) significantly decreased, which implicated that NlCREB3-2 was involved in the lipase-related TAG metabolism.

RING finger ubiquitin E3 ligase CsCHYR1 targets CsATAF1 for degradation to modulate the drought stress response of cucumber through the ABA-dependent pathway.

CsCHYR1 (CHY ZINC-FINGER AND RING PROTEIN1) encodes a RING (Really Interesting New Gene) finger E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation and plays an important role for cucumber to resist drought stress. Here, we obtain one of the candidate proteins CsCHYR1 that probably interacts with CsATAF1 by yeast-two hybrid screening. Subsequently, it is verified that CsCHYR1 interacts with CsATAF1 and has self-ubiquitination activity.

A NETWORK PHARMACOLOGY-BASED TREATMENT ANALYSIS OF LUTEOLIN FOR REGULATING PYROPTOSIS IN ACUTE LUNG INJURY.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) and its severe manifestation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, are complicated pulmonary inflammatory conditions for which standard therapeutics are still not well established. Although increasing research has indicated the anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant effects of luteolin, especially in lung diseases, the molecular mechanisms underlying luteolin treatment remain largely unclear. Methods: The potential targets of luteolin in ALI were explored using a network pharmacology-based strategy and further validated in a clinical database.

The salivary chaperone protein NlDNAJB9 of Nilaparvata lugens activates plant immune responses.

The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is a main pest on rice. It secretes saliva to regulate plant defense responses, when penetrating rice plant and sucking phloem sap through its stylet. However, the molecular mechanisms of BPH salivary proteins regulating plant defense responses remain poorly understood.

Reducing Expression of Salivary Protein Genes by Flonicamid Partially Contributed to Its Feeding Inhibition of the Brown Planthopper on Rice.

Flonicamid inhibits the feeding of piercing-sucking pests as a selective systemic insecticide. The brown planthopper (BPH), (Stål), is one of the most serious pests on rice. During feeding, it uses its stylet to collect sap by penetrating the phloem, and at the same time, it delivers saliva into the rice plant.

Knockdown of the salivary protein gene NlG14 caused displacement of the lateral oviduct secreted components and inhibited ovulation in Nilaparvata lugens.

Saliva plays important roles in insect feeding, but its roles in insect reproduction were rarely reported. Here we reported that the knockdown of a salivary gland-specific gene NlG14 disrupted the reproduction through inhibiting the ovulation of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), one of the most devastating rice pests in Asia. NlG14 knockdown caused the displacement of the lateral oviduct secreted components (LOSC), leading to the ovulation disorder and the accumulation of mature eggs in the ovary.

Co-Pyrolysis of Cotton Stalks and Low-Density Polyethylene to Synthesize Biochar and Its Application in Pb(II) Removal.

It is inevitable that reclaimed cotton stalks will contain a certain amount of plastic film due to the wide application of plastic mulching during the process of cotton cultivation, and this makes it inappropriate to return it to the field or for it to be processed into silage. In this study, biochars were prepared by the co-pyrolysis of cotton stalk with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in the proportions of 1:0, 3:1, 2:1, and 1:1 (/) at 400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C and maintaining them for 1 h. The effects of the co-pyrolysis of cotton stalk with LDPE on the properties of biochars (e.

[miR-151-3p derived from gastric cancer exosomes induces M2-phenotype polarization of macrophages and promotes tumor growth].

Objective To investigate whether exosomes derived from gastric cancer cells can affect macrophages in tumor microenvironment through miR-151-3p. Methods The expression of miR-151-3p in tumor tissues of patients with gastric cancer and normal tissues was detected by real time quantitative PCR; Gastric cancer cells overexpressing miR-151-3p were constructed, and exosomes were isolated and identified. The expression of CD11b and CD163 markers on RAW264.

Heat shock-induced cold acclimation in cucumber through CsHSFA1d-activated JA biosynthesis and signaling.

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) originated in tropical areas and is very sensitive to low temperatures. Cold acclimation is a universal strategy that improves plant resistance to cold stress. In this study, we report that heat shock induces cold acclimation in cucumber seedlings, via a process involving the heat-shock transcription factor HSFA1d.

Anabolism and signaling pathways of phytomelatonin.

Phytomelatonin is a small multifunctional molecule found ubiquitously in plants, which plays an important role in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. The classical biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of phytomelatonin have been elucidated, and uncovering alternative pathways has deepened our understanding of phytomelatonin synthesis. Phytomelatonin functions mainly via two pathways.

Long Noncoding RNA Hotair Promotes the Progression and Immune Escape in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma through MicroRNA-30a/GRP78/PD-L1 Axis.

Homeobox (HOX) transcript antisense RNA (Hotair) is elevated in many cancers significantly. However, the oncogenic role of Hotair in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is still unknown. Thus, we explored the expression profile of Hotair and its function in LSCC.

The value of dynamic monitoring of procalcitonin in the early identification of pathogens and prognosis of bloodstream infections in the ICU.

Background: To explore the value of dynamic monitoring of procalcitonin (PCT) for early identification of pathogens and prognosis of bloodstream infections (BSI) in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 84 patients with positive blood cultures. Patients were divided into the survival group and death group according to prognosis.

Citrate-based mussel-inspired magnesium whitlockite composite adhesives augmented bone-to-tendon healing.

Citrate-based mussel-inspired whitlockite composite adhesives (CMWAs) were developed and administered to the bone-tendon interface in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. CMWAs could improve the initial bone-tendon bonding strength, promote the bony inward growth from the bone tunnel and enhance the chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of the bone-tendon interface, thus augmenting bone-to-tendon healing.

A tubby-like protein CsTLP8 acts in the ABA signaling pathway and negatively regulates osmotic stresses tolerance during seed germination.

Background: TLPs (Tubby-like proteins) are widespread in eukaryotes and highly conserved in plants and animals. TLP is involved in many biological processes, such as growth, development, biotic and abiotic stress responses, while the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In this paper we characterized the biological function of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.