Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that exist in human peripheral blood, which could spread to other tissues or organs via the blood circulation system and develop into metastatic foci, leading to tumor recurrence or metastasis in postoperative patients and thereby increasing the mortality of malignant tumor patients. Evaluation of CTC levels can be used for tumor metastasis prediction, prognosis evaluation, drug exploitation, individualized treatment, liquid biopsy, etc., which exhibit outstanding clinical application prospects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHighly sensitive airborne virus monitoring is critical for preventing and containing epidemics. However, the detection of airborne viruses at ultra-low concentrations remains challenging due to the lack of ultra-sensitive methods and easy-to-deployment equipment. Here, we present an integrated microfluidic cartridge that can accurately detect SARS-COV-2, Influenza A, B, and respiratory syncytial virus with a sensitivity of 10 copies/mL.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains a significant clinical challenge, and genetic biomarkers for the early identification of CML patients at risk for progression are limited. This study explored whether essential circular RNAs (circRNAs) can be used as biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring CML disease progression and assessing CML prognosis.
Methods: Peripheral blood (PB) samples were collected from 173 CML patients (138 patients with chronic phase CML [CML-CP] and 35 patients with accelerated phase/blast phase CML [CML-AP/BP]) and 63 healthy controls (HCs).
Objectives: Constitutive activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway is central to the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate diverse biological processes. However, the role of lncRNAs in MPN pathogenesis is not well studied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), is one of the urgent clinical problems and public health challenges. Culture-based phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) is time-consuming, and PCR-based assays are limited to hotspot mutations. In this study, we developed and validated a convenient and efficient approach based on high-throughput nanopore sequencing technology combined with multiplex PCR, namely nanopore targeted sequencing (NTS), to simultaneously sequence 18 genes associated with antibiotic resistance in (MTB).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) has emerged as a significant biological characteristic of colorectal cancer (CRC). Studies reported that MSI-H CRC generally had a better prognosis than microsatellite stable (MSS)/microsatellite instability-low (MSI-L) CRC, but some MSI-H CRC patients exhibited distinctive molecular characteristics and experienced a less favorable prognosis. In this study, our objective was to explore the metabolic transcript-related subtypes of MSI-H CRC and identify a biomarker for predicting survival outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of this study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism behind the promotion of cell survival under conditions of glucose deprivation by l-lactate. To accomplish this, we performed tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry staining to analyze the correlation between the abundance of pan-Lysine lactylation and prognosis. In vivo evaluations of tumor growth were conducted using the KPC and nude mice xenograft tumor model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The prognostic value of cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21 - 1) and Ki67 in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) remains to be explored.
Methods: In this study, 983 primary NSCLC patients from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Finally, 117 advanced NSCLC patients with wild-type EGFR and 37 patients with EGFR mutation were included and prognostic value of CYFRA 21 - 1 and Ki67 were also identified.
One of the most potent anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immune mechanisms possessed by host cells is type I interferon (IFN1), which induces the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). During this process, mitochondria play an important role in the IFN1 response, and mitofusin 1 (MFN1) is a key regulator of mitochondrial fusion located on the outer mitochondrial membrane. However, the underlying mechanism of MFN1's promotion of IFN1 during HCMV infection still remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of monocytes results in the production of inflammatory cytokine through inflammasome. However, the mechanism of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in HCMV infection remains unclear. In this study, HCMV infection promoted the increase of mitochondrial fusion and caused mitochondrial dysfunction in THP-1 cells, including excessive reactive oxygen species production and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfluenza A viruses (IAVs) and influenza B viruses (IBVs) cause annual epidemics in human populations with seasonal circulation spikes. Peptide AM58-66GL9 located at residues 58-66 of M1 protein of IAVs has been recognized as an immunodominant T cell epitope with HLA-A*0201 restriction and broadly used as a positive reference in influenza immunity. This peptide also almost completely overlaps with a nuclear export signal (NES) 59-68 in IAV M1, which explains the limited escape mutations under the T cell immune pressure in this region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Aim: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in patients progresses rapidly and can cause multiple organ failures associated with high mortality. We aimed to train a machine learning (ML) model and establish a nomogram that could identify SAP, early in the course of acute pancreatitis (AP).
Methods: In this retrospective study, 631 patients with AP were enrolled in the training cohort.
Fucoidan has many biological activities, including the inhibitory effect on the development of various cancer types. This study showed that lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in FHC cells (normal human colonic epithelial cells) could be reversed using fucoidan at different concentrations. The fucoidan-induced anti-inflammatory effect was also confirmed through experiments in mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Microbial Translocation (MT) and altered gut microbiota are involved in immune activation and inflammation, whereas immune checkpoint proteins play an important role in maintaining immune self-tolerance and preventing excessive immune activation.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between plasma phage load and immune homeostasis in people living with HIV(PLWH).
Methods: We recruited 15 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive patients, 23 ART-treated (AT) patients, and 34 Healthy Participants (HP) to explore the relationship between the plasma phage load and immune checkpoint proteins.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common viral pathogen that infects more than a third of the world's population; however, the transmission route remains to be further defined. The 18-year implementation of the free HBV vaccine for children has greatly changed the prevalence of HBV infection in China, which presents a unique real-world model for assessing the pattern of HBV transmission. Cross-sectional data of HBV seromarkers between July 2019 and April 2020 were collected from 53 371 individuals aged 1-60 years in four areas of North to South in Eastern China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is a unique subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) characterized by haematopoietic failure caused by the accumulation of abnormal promyelocytic cells in bone marrow (BM). However, indispensable BM biopsy frequently afflicts patients in leukaemia surveillance, which increases the burden on patients and reduces compliance. This study aimed to explore whether the novel circulating long noncoding RNA LOC100506453 (lnc-LOC) could be a target in diagnosis, assess the treatment response and supervise the minimal residual disease (MRD) of APL, thereby blazing a trail in noninvasive lncRNA biomarkers of APL.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvidence suggests that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection may be implicated in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the correlation between HCMV infection and survival outcomes in patients with CRC remains unclear. Here, we constructed a flow algorithm to identify HCMV sequences based on the RNA-seq data of patients with CRC derived from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmune checkpoints (ICPs) consist of paired receptor-ligand molecules that exert inhibitory or stimulatory effects on immune defense, surveillance, regulation, and self-tolerance. ICPs exist in both membrane and soluble forms and . Imbalances between inhibitory and stimulatory membrane-bound ICPs (mICPs) in malignant cells and immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) have been well documented.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant tumor with a high mortality rate. PDAC exhibits significant heterogeneity as well as alterations in metabolic pathways that are associated with its malignant progression. In this study, we explored the metabolic and clinical features of a highly malignant subgroup of PDAC based on single-cell transcriptome technology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is characterized by non-chronic (transient, <12 months) and chronic (≥12 months) decline in the number of platelets. Herpes virus infections have been shown, in many studies, to be associated with the development of ITP. However, it remains unclear whether the herpes virus infection status is associated with the chronic ITP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Although miR-190 has been reported to be related to human diseases, especially in the development and progression of cancer, its expression in human bladder cancer (BC) and potential contribution to BC remain unexplored.
Methods: RT-qPCR was used to verify the expression level of miR-190 and CDKN1B. Flow cytometry (FCM) assays were performed to detect cell cycle.
Purpose: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been considered as a potential indicator of the effects of treatment or as a prognostic indicator for various malignancies. Most chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients are in the chronic phase, but some have transformed to accelerated phase or blast phase (blast crisis). However, the clinical significance of RDW in CML remains limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Heavy alcohol consumption disrupts gut epithelial integrity, leading to increased permeability of the gastrointestinal tract and subsequent translocation of microbes. Regenerating islet-derived protein 3α (REG3α) and Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) are mainly secreted to the gut lumen by Paneth and Goblet cells, respectively, and are functionally linked to gut barrier integrity. Circulating levels of REG3α and TFF3 have been identified as biomarkers for gut damage in several human diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Detection of somatic mutations in tumor tissues helps to understand tumor biology and guide treatment selection. Methods such as quantitative PCR can analyze a few mutations with high efficiency, while next generation sequencing (NGS) based methods can analyze hundreds to thousands of mutations. However, there is a lack of cost-effective method for quantitatively analyzing tens to a few hundred mutations of potential biological and clinical significance.
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