Phylogenetic analysis and transmission networks highlight the role of older adults in the transmission of HIV-1 in northern Zhejiang, China.

Background: In China, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) poses a significant challenge to older heterosexual adults. This study explored the transmission dynamics of HIV infection among older adults in northern Zhejiang Province, China using phylogenetic analysis and transmission networks.

Methods: HIV pol sequences without any antiretroviral therapy were obtained from newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients in Huzhou between 2017 and 2022.

PLK1 phosphorylates WRN at replication forks.

Prostate cancer, particularly castration-resistant prostate cancer, remains a serious public health issue. Androgen signaling inhibitors have emerged as a major treatment approach but with limited success. Thus, identification of novel treatment targets is of high clinical relevance.

Progress in the treatment of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes by finerenone in combination with RAS inhibitors/SGLT-2i.

Background: Currently, the prevalence of diabetes is rising. Patients with diabetes often face high risks of kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and retinal disease. Cardiovascular complications are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Degradation of circular RNA by the ribonuclease DIS3.

Features of circular RNAs (circRNAs) produced by back-splicing of eukaryotic exon(s) make them resistant to degradation by linear RNA decay machineries. Thus, a general circRNA degradation pathway under normal conditions has remained largely elusive. Here, we report that the endonucleolytic enzyme DIS3 is responsible for the degradation of circRNAs.

Metformin in overcoming enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Androgen deprivation is the standard treatment for patients with prostate cancer. However, the disease eventually progresses as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Enzalutamide, an androgen receptor inhibitor, is a typical drug for treating CRPC and with continuous reliance on the drug, can lead to enzalutamide resistance.

Enantioselective Trifluoromethylazidation of Styrenyl Olefins Catalyzed by an Engineered Nonheme Iron Enzyme.

Organofluorines, particularly those containing trifluoromethyl (CF) groups, play a critical role in medicinal chemistry. While trifluoromethylation of alkenes provides a powerful synthetic route to construct CF-containing compounds with broad structural and functional diversity, achieving enantioselective control in these reactions remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we engineered a nonheme iron enzyme, quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase from Bacillus subtilis (BsQueD), for the enantioselective trifluoromethylazidation of alkenes.

Three-dimensional ordered macro-microporous ZIF-8-α-Glu microreactors for α-glucosidase inhibitors screening from green tea.

Due to the larger pore structure, the macroporous material can be used as the immobilized carrier to not only increase the enzyme loading capacity, but also facilitate the transfer of reactants and substrates. Based on this, a three-dimensional ordered macro-microporous ZIF-8 (SOM-ZIF-8) was prepared using three-dimensional ordered stacked polystyrene spheres as the hard template. The morphology and structure of SOM-ZIF-8 were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and so on.

Improvement of the accuracy of breeding value prediction for egg production traits in Muscovy duck using low-coverage whole-genome sequence data.

Low-coverage whole genome sequencing (lcWGS) is an effective low-cost genotyping technology when combined with genotype imputation approaches. It facilitates cost-effective genomic selection (GS) programs in agricultural animal populations. GS based on lcWGS data has been successfully applied to livestock such as pigs and donkeys.

GATv2EPI: Predicting Enhancer-Promoter Interactions with a Dynamic Graph Attention Network.

Background: The enhancer-promoter interaction (EPI) is a critical component of gene regulatory networks, playing a significant role in understanding the complexity of gene expression. Traditional EPI prediction methods focus on one-to-one interactions, neglecting more complex one-to-many and many-to-many patterns. To address this gap, we utilize graph neural networks to comprehensively explore all interaction patterns between enhancers and promoters, capturing complex regulatory relationships for more accurate predictions.

Highly Reversible Dendrite-Free Zinc Anode Enabled by a Bilayered Inorganic-Metal Interface Layer.

The unavoidable dendrite growth and side reactions are two major issues that lead to unsatisfactory cycling stability of the Zn metal anode and premature battery failure, which constrains the wide practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Herein, a bilayered zinc fluoride-indium interface-modified zinc anode (ZnF-In@Zn) is in situ-constructed to solve these two issues through a simple solution-dipping strategy. The outer ZnF layer assures sufficient desolvation of hydrated Zn and even Zn flux; meanwhile, the interior In layer further contributes to the uniform distribution of the electric field and lower energy barrier of Zn nucleation, achieving dendrite-free and side reaction-free Zn deposition.

Inhibiting IP6K1 confers atheroprotection by elevating circulating apolipoprotein A-I.

Background And Aims: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mediates cholesterol efflux to lower the risks of atherosclerosis. Elevating circulating apoA-I is an effective strategy for atheroprotection.

Hypoxia exacerbate the marine ecological risk of arsenic: By stimulating its migration and release at the sediment-water interface.

Hypoxia severally increased the release and bioavailability of sedimentary arsenic (As) in marine systems. However, the specific details regarding As migration and associated risks during exacerbated deoxygenation remain unclear. In this study, simulation experiments were conducted at four different dissolved oxygen (DO) levels to investigate the effects of exacerbated hypoxia on As mobility across the sediment-water interface (SWI).

The risk of dyslipidemia on PLHIV associated with different antiretroviral regimens in Huzhou.

Background: Dyslipidemia is increasingly common in people living with HIV (PLHIV), thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular events and diminishing the quality of life for these individuals. The study of blood lipid metabolism of PLHIV has great clinical significance in predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aims to examine the blood lipid metabolism status of HIV-infected patients in Huzhou before and after receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and to explore the impact of different HAART regimens on dyslipidemia.

Phosphine-Mediated Reductive Insertion of α-Keto Esters and Isatins into Phthalic Anhydride Derivatives.

Herein, we report an unprecedented P(NMe)-mediated reductive insertion of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds including α-keto esters and isatins into phthalic anhydride-derived alkenes and phthalic anhydrides, which furnishes the corresponding isochroman-1-ones and isochroman-1,4-diones, respectively, in moderate to excellent yields with high chemo- and regioselectivity. Furthermore, the asymmetric version of the ring expansion reaction could be realized by using a chiral auxiliary strategy. Mechanistically, the nucleophilic attack of the Kukhtin-Ramirez adduct, generated from P(NMe) and 1,2-dicarbonyl compound, to the anhydride derivative, followed by a cascade ring-opening and ring-closure process, affords the ring expansion product.

Metabolomic insights into -fermented rice products: Implications for monacolin K content and nutritional optimization.

This study aims to elucidate the detailed metabolic implications of varying monacolin K levels and sterilization methods on -fermented rice products (MFRPs), acclaimed for their health benefits and monacolin K content. Advanced metabolite profiling of various MFRP variants was conducted using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF MS). Statistical analysis encompassed -tests, ANOVA, and multivariate techniques including PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA.

Melatonin attenuates scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction through SIRT1/IRE1α/XBP1 pathway.

Background: The prevalence of dementia around the world is increasing, and these patients are more likely to have cognitive impairments, mood and anxiety disorders (depression, anxiety, and panic disorder), and attention deficit disorders over their lifetime. Previous studies have proven that melatonin could improve memory loss, but its specific mechanism is still confused.

Methods: In this study, we used in vivo and in vitro models to examine the neuroprotective effect of melatonin on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced cognitive dysfunction.

Reflectivity and Angular Anisotropy of Liquid Crystal Microcapsules with Different Particle Sizes by Complex Coalescence.

Cholesteric liquid crystal microcapsules (CLCMs) are used to improve the stability of liquid crystals while ensuring their stimulus response performance and versatility, with representative applications such as sensing, anticounterfeiting, and smart fabrics. However, the reflectivity and angular anisotropy decrease because of the anchoring effect of the polymer shell matrix, and the influence of particle size on this has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, the effect of synthesis technology on microcapsule particle size was investigated using a complex coalescence method, and the effect of particle size on the reflectivity and angular anisotropy of CLCMs was investigated in detail.

Elevating PLK1 overcomes BETi resistance in prostate cancer via triggering BRD4 phosphorylation-dependent degradation in mitosis.

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in prostate cancer (PCa). Understanding the mechanisms of BRD4 stability could enhance the clinical response to BRD4-targeted therapy. In this study, we report that BRD4 protein levels are significantly decreased during mitosis in a PLK1-dependent manner.

Single-cell analysis identifies PLK1 as a driver of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in LUAD.

PLK1 (Polo-like kinase 1) plays a critical role in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Recent studies have unveiled that targeting PLK1 improves the efficacy of immunotherapy, highlighting its important role in the regulation of tumor immunity. Nevertheless, our understanding of the intricate interplay between PLK1 and the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains incomplete.