Publications by authors named "XiaoMao Luo"

Parathyroid ultrasound is widely used in clinical practice and plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid diseases. Nevertheless, ultrasound physicians frequently encounter a number of challenges and doubts in their professional practice. For this reason, Superficial Organs and Peripheral Vessels Committee of Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering has formulated the expert consensus on certain common clinical problems of parathyroid ultrasound based on the current research progress and clinical experience, in order to guide the clinical practice.

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Background: The gradual rise in global temperatures can affect skeletal muscle development and intestinal microorganisms. However, the influence of microbial metabolites on skeletal muscle homeostasis under heat stress (HS) remains unclear.

Methods: C57BL/6J mice were exposed to normal temperature or 40 °C conditions for 3 d, 7 d, or 14 d.

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Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) infection can cause symptoms similar to those of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection, and coinfections with both PCV2 and PCV3 are observed in the swine industry. Consequently, developing chimeric vaccines is essential to prevent and control porcine circovirus infections. In this study, we used both and mammalian expression systems to express PCV3 Cap (Cap3) and a chimeric gene containing the PCV2-neutralizing epitope within the PCV3 Cap (Cap3-Cap2E), which were assembled into virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines.

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This is a summary of a consensus statement on the introduction of "Ultrasound microvasculomics" produced by The Chinese Artificial Intelligence Alliance for Thyroid and Breast Ultrasound. The evaluation of microvessels is a very important part for the assessment of diseases. Super-resolution ultrasound (SRUS) microvascular imaging surpasses traditional ultrasound imaging in the morphological and functional analysis of microcirculation.

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Background: Breast cancer (BC) exhibits remarkable heterogeneity. However, the transcriptomic heterogeneity of BC at the single-cell level has not been fully elucidated.

Methods: We acquired BC samples from 14 patients.

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Muscle satellite cells (SCs) play a crucial role in the regeneration and repair of skeletal muscle injuries. Previous studies have shown that myogenic exosomes can enhance satellite cell proliferation, while the expression of miR-140-5p is significantly reduced during the repair process of mouse skeletal muscle injuries induced by BaCl2. This study aims to investigate the potential of myogenic exosomes carrying miR-140-5p inhibitors to activate SCs and influence the regeneration of injured muscles.

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Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpene with reported protective effects against various diseases, including diabetes, hepatitis, and different cancers. However, the effects of OA on obesity-induced muscle atrophy remain largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of OA on skeletal muscle production and proliferation of C2C12 cells.

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Aim: Exercise can reduce body weight and promote white fat browning, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study investigated the role of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/Irisin, a hormone released from exercising muscle, in the browning of white fat in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Methods: Mice were subjected to a 4 weeks of running table exercise, and fat browning was analyzed via histology, protein blotting and qPCR.

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Article Synopsis
  • Numerous studies have highlighted the important role of microRNAs in skeletal muscle development and healing, but the specific functions of miR-222-3p remain largely unclear.
  • In experiments, high levels of miR-222-3p in damaged muscle were linked to reduced C2C12 myoblast growth and differentiation, with its inhibition leading to the opposite effects.
  • The research identified IRS-1 as a target gene of miR-222-3p and demonstrated that this interaction reduces PI3K-Akt signaling, suggesting miR-222-3p could be a potential therapeutic target for treating muscle loss.
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Fgf21 has been identified as playing a regulatory role in muscle growth and function. Although the mechanisms through which endurance training regulates skeletal muscle have been widely studied, the contribution of Fgf21 remains poorly understood. Here, muscle size and function were measured, and markers of fiber type were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, immunoblots, or qPCR in endurance-exercise-trained wild-type and KO mice.

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Increasing energy expenditure and reducing energy intake are considered two classical methods to induce weight loss. Weight loss through physical methods instead of drugs has been a popular research topic nowadays, but how these methods function in adipose and cause weight loss in body remains unclear. In this study, we set up chronic cold exposure (CCE) and every-other-day fasting (EODF) as two distinct models in long-term treatment to induce weight loss, recording their own characteristics in changes of body temperature and metabolism.

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  • AI models have enhanced the assessment of thyroid nodules in ultrasound but face generalizability issues, which this study aims to address.
  • The research involved analyzing data from over 10,000 patients across 208 hospitals in China, using various ultrasound machines and developing detection, segmentation, and classification models.
  • Results showed that AI outperformed radiologists and improved their diagnostic performance significantly, demonstrating the potential for AI to enhance clinical practice in thyroid evaluations.
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Background: The preoperative differentiation between benign parotid gland tumors (BPGTs) and malignant parotid gland tumors (MPGTs) is of great significance for therapeutic decision-making. Deep learning (DL), an artificial intelligence algorithm based on neural networks, can help overcome inconsistencies in conventional ultrasonic (CUS) examination outcomes. Therefore, as an auxiliary diagnostic tool, DL can support accurate diagnosis using massive ultrasonic (US) images.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Obesity leads to chronic inflammation and complications like insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, prompting the need for new treatments.
  • - The study explored how exosomes derived from mouse bone marrow stem cells (BMSC-Exos) can improve metabolic health in obese mice and insulin-resistant fat cells.
  • - Treatment with BMSC-Exos enhanced insulin sensitivity and reduced obesity by activating specific cellular pathways that increase glucose uptake.
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Article Synopsis
  • Elastography ultrasound (EUS) is an important imaging method, but it faces challenges like subjective interpretation and hardware limitations that affect the miniaturization of equipment.
  • A new deep neural network has been developed to create virtual EUS (V-EUS) from traditional B-mode images, providing a cost-effective solution.
  • Analysis of 4580 breast tumor cases shows that V-EUS performs similarly to real EUS in identifying tumors, and it improves the diagnostic accuracy of portable ultrasound devices by approximately 5%.
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Rationale And Objectives: Nottingham histological grade (NHG) 2 breast cancer has an intermediate risk of recurrence, which is not informative for therapeutic decision-making. We sought to develop and independently validate an MRI-based radiomics signature (Rad-Grade) to improve prognostic re-stratification of NHG 2 tumors.

Materials And Methods: Nine hundred-eight subjects with invasive breast cancer and preoperative MRI scans were retrospectively obtained.

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Backgrounds: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common male cancer in the world and based on its high prevalence and overwhelming effect on patients, more precise diagnostic and therapeutic methods are essential research topics. As such, this study aims to evaluate the value of three-dimensional transrectal ultrasound (3D-TRUS) in the detection, diagnosis and biopsy of PCa, and to provide a basis for clinical practice of PCa.

Methods: Retrospective analysis and comparison of a total of 401 male patients who underwent prostate TRUS in our hospital from 2019 to 2020 were conducted, with all patients having prostate biopsy.

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Background: As a newly discovered muscle factor secreted by skeletal muscle cells, irisin is a polypeptide fragment formed from hydrolysis of fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Irisin can promote beigeing of white adipose tissue (WAT) and regulate glucose and lipid metabolisms. However, the functions of irisin in skeletal muscle development remain largely unknown.

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When skeletal muscle is damaged, satellite cells (SCs) are activated to proliferate rapidly and fuse with the damaged muscle fibers to form new muscle fibers, thereby promoting muscle growth and remodeling and repair of trauma. Exosomes from differentiating human skeletal muscle cells trigger myogenesis of stem cells and provide biochemical cues for skeletal muscle regeneration. Therefore, we hypothesized that, when muscles are injured, myoblast-derived exosomes may regulate muscle repair and regeneration.

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Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the safety of the ultrasound contrast agent sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles in a large group of patients referred for routine contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).

Methods: A retrospective assessment was made of all patients that received sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles intravenously for CEUS at 24 centers between January 2006 and April 2019. Patient demographic details, examination type, and the dose of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles administered were recorded with specific adverse events (AEs) documentation tools at each center.

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We present a Human Artificial Intelligence Hybrid (HAIbrid) integrating framework that reweights Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) features and the malignancy score predicted by a convolutional neural network (CNN) for nodule malignancy stratification and diagnosis. We defined extra ultrasonographical features from color Doppler images to explore malignancy-relevant features. We proposed Gated Attentional Factorization Machine (GAFM) to identify second-order interacting features trained via a 10 fold distribution-balanced stratified cross-validation scheme on ultrasound images of 3002 nodules all finally characterized by postoperative pathology (1270 malignant ones), retrospectively collected from 131 hospitals.

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The development of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning helps to protect animals from cold conditions and prevent obesity. AMPKα1 has been involved in the process of white adipocytes browning. Although Irisin plays a vital role in the browning of WAT, the detailed regulatory mechanism of Irisin inducing the browning of WAT remains unclear.

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. Accurate T staging of rectal cancer based on ultrasound images is convenient for doctors to determine the appropriate treatment. To effectively solve the problems of low efficiency and accuracy of traditional methods for T staging diagnosis of rectal cancer, a deep-learning-based Xception-MS diagnostic model is proposed in this paper.

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Article Synopsis
  • Acetaminophen overdose is a leading cause of drug-induced liver injuries, primarily causing oxidative damage and triggering autophagy in liver cells.
  • This study found that Echinacea purpurea polysaccharide (EPPS) can protect against liver damage caused by acetaminophen overdose in mice by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death.
  • EPPS works mainly through a process called Parkin-dependent autophagy, which suggests it could be a potential new treatment for acetaminophen-induced liver injury.
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