Invades Non-Phagocytic Cells by Clathrin-Dependent Endocytic Pathways and Escapes from Phagocytic Vesicles.

() is capable of causing pneumonia, arthritis, mastitis, and various other ailments in cattle of all age groups, posing a significant threat to the healthy progression of the worldwide cattle industry. The invasion of non-phagocytic host cells serves as a pivotal mechanism enabling to evade the immune system and penetrate mucosal barriers, thereby promoting its spread. To investigate the differences in invasion into four types of non-phagocytic cells (Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells, bovine embryo tracheal (EBTr) cells and bovine turbinate (BT) cells) and further elucidate its invasion mechanism, this study first optimized the experimental methods for invasion into cells.

Calibrating Observational Health Record Data Against a Randomized Trial.

Importance: The conditions required for health record data sources to accurately assess treatment effectiveness remain unclear. Emulation of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with health record data and subsequent calibration of the results can help elucidate this.

Objective: To pilot an emulation of the KEYNOTE-189 RCT using a commercially available electronic health record (EHR) data source.

Emulations of Oncology Trials Using Real-World Data: A Systematic Literature Review.

By evaluating published emulations of oncology RCTs studies in which both the active and comparator groups are sourced from RWD and target trial results are available for benchmarking, this systematic review aims to gain insight into factors related to emulation performance. Thirteen oncology emulation studies using various types of RWD were identified through an online database search of PubMed through 2022. Based on the ROBINS-I tool, most studies (N=8) had a serious risk of overall bias driven by risk of bias from confounding.

Real-world dosing of regorafenib and outcomes among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective analysis using US claims data.

Background: The randomized, dose-optimization, open-label ReDOS study in US patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) showed that, compared with a standard dosing approach, initiating regorafenib at 80 mg/day and escalating to 160 mg/day depending on tolerability increased the proportion of patients reaching their third treatment cycle and reduced the incidence of adverse events without compromising efficacy. Subsequently, the ReDOS dose-escalation strategy was included as an alternative regorafenib dosing option in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines. A retrospective analysis was conducted using a US claims database to assess whether inclusion of this dose-escalation strategy in NCCN Guidelines has influenced the use of flexible dosing in routine US clinical practice, and to describe clinical outcomes pre- and post-inclusion in NCCN Guidelines.

The Aetion Coalition to Advance Real-World Evidence through Randomized Controlled Trial Emulation Initiative: Oncology.

Legislative and technological advancements over the past decade have given rise to the proliferation of healthcare data generated from routine clinical practice, often referred to as real-world data (RWD). These data have piqued the interest of healthcare stakeholders due to their potential utility in generating evidence to support clinical and regulatory decision making. In the oncology setting, studies leveraging RWD offer distinct advantages that are complementary to randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Prognosis and oncogenomic profiling of patients with tropomyosin receptor kinase fusion cancer in the 100,000 genomes project.

Introduction: Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions are oncogenic drivers in various tumor types. Limited data exist on the overall survival (OS) of patients with tumors with NTRK gene fusions and on the co-occurrence of NTRK fusions with other oncogenic drivers.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included patients enrolled in the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project who had linked clinical data from UK databases.

Real-world patient characteristics associated with survival of 2 years or more after radium-223 treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (EPIX study).

Background: The real-world EPIX study was conducted to gather information about the characteristics of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who survived ≥2 years after treatment with the alpha-emitter radium-223.

Methods: This retrospective study of electronic health records in the US Flatiron database (NCT04516161) included patients with mCRPC treated with radium-223 between January 2013 and June 2019. Median overall survival (OS) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response (≥50% reduction) from start of radium-223 treatment were the primary and secondary endpoints, respectively.

Real-world outcomes of second novel hormonal therapy or radium-223 following first novel hormonal therapy for mCRPC.

To evaluate real-world clinical outcomes of radium-223 or alternative novel hormonal therapy (NHT) following first-line NHT for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Retrospective analysis of the US Flatiron database (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03896984).

TRK Fusion Cancer: Patient Characteristics and Survival Analysis in the Real-World Setting.

Background: Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions are oncogenic drivers in various tumor types. While NTRK gene fusions are predictive of benefit from tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitors regardless of tumor type, the prognostic significance of NTRK gene fusions in a pan-tumor setting remains unclear.

Objective: This study evaluated the characteristics and prognosis of tropomyosin receptor kinase fusion cancer in the real-world setting.

Concurrent or layered treatment with radium-223 and enzalutamide or abiraterone/prednisone: real-world clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: In this study, we evaluated real-world data on radium-223 plus abiraterone/prednisone or enzalutamide. Previously, the ERA 223 trial (NCT02043678) demonstrated increased fracture risk with concurrent treatment with radium-223 and abiraterone plus prednisone/prednisolone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Methods: We used the Flatiron Health database to perform a retrospective study of patients with mCRPC treated with radium-223.

Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer in a Real-world Clinical Practice Setting in the United States.

Background: Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of several life-prolonging therapies for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC); however, real-world data on their use, survival effect, and safety are limited. Using electronic health record data from the Flatiron Health database, we studied real-world treatment patterns and health outcomes in patients with mCRPC.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective, non-interventional cohort analysis of electronic health record data of patients with confirmed mCRPC between January 2013 and September 2017.

Relative dose intensity of first-line chemotherapy and overall survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Purpose: The effects of chemotherapy dose intensity on survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are poorly understood. We retrospectively analyzed dose delays/reduction, relative dose intensity (RDI), and the association between chemotherapy intensity and survival in advanced NSCLC.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adults with advanced lung cancer who received first-line myelosuppressive platinum-based chemotherapy (January 2007-December 2010) in ~ 230 US Oncology Network community practices.

Compliance with clinical guidelines and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among patients living with HIV.

Evaluation of provider compliance with antiretroviral (ARV) treatment guidelines and patient adherence to ARVs is important for HIV care quality assessment; however, there are few current real-world data for guideline compliance and ARV adherence in the US. This study evaluated provider compliance with US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) guidelines and patient adherence to ARVs in a US population of patients with HIV. This was a retrospective claims study of adults with HIV-1 receiving ARV treatment between January 2010-December 2014.

Risk Factors, Health Care Resource Utilization, and Costs Associated with Nonadherence to Antiretrovirals in Medicaid-Insured Patients with HIV.

Background: Adherence to antiretrovirals (ARVs) is critical to achieving durable virologic suppression.

Objective: To investigate risk factors of poor adherence and the effect of suboptimal adherence on health care resource utilization (HCRU) and costs in Medicaid patients.

Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted using Medicaid data.

Predictors of Long-Term Response With Pazopanib in Patients With Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Pazopanib is among the current standards of care for first-line treatment of patients with unresectable advanced renal-cell carcinoma (aRCC) or metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. This real-world study aimed to characterize those with long-term response to pazopanib in the treatment of aRCC in a community oncology setting, and to identify predictors of long-term response.

Patients And Methods: aRCC patients treated with first-line pazopanib were classified as having long-term or non-long-term response (progression-free survival [PFS] of ≥ 18 or < 18 months, respectively).

Chemotherapy Dose Intensity and Overall Survival Among Patients With Advanced Breast or Ovarian Cancer.

Background: The effects of chemotherapy dose intensity on patient outcomes in advanced cancer are not well understood. We studied the association between chemotherapy relative dose intensity (RDI) and overall survival (OS) among patients with advanced breast or ovarian cancer.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adults with advanced breast or ovarian cancer who received first-line myelosuppressive chemotherapy (January 2007 to December 2010) in US Oncology Network community practices.

Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Treated in the Community Practice Setting in the United States.

Objective: This study was conducted to understand treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients treated in a large community oncology network.

Methods: This retrospective study used the McKesson Specialty Health/US Oncology Network iKnowMed electronic health record database with supplemental chart review. Eligibility criteria included a metastatic neuroendocrine tumor diagnosis between January 1, 2008, and to December 31, 2012; at least 2 US Oncology Network visits; and age at least 18 years.

Axitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: patient characteristics and treatment patterns in US community oncology centers.

Aim: To study patient characteristics and treatment patterns in real-world axitinib use for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Patients & Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of second- or third-line axitinib use between 1 January 2012 and 31 October 2014 in 135 metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients using the US Oncology Network database.

Results: Overall, 86.

HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Pertuzumab in a Community Oncology Practice Setting: Treatment Patterns and Outcomes.

Background: Pertuzumab (Perjeta), a HER2/neu receptor antagonist, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in June 2012 for use in the first-line setting for patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (mBC).

Objective: This retrospective study investigated the clinical and demographic characteristics, treatment patterns, safety, and clinical outcomes for patients with HER2-positive mBC who received pertuzumab in the first-line setting in US community oncology practices.

Methods: Patients with HER2-positive mBC, who initiated pertuzumab within 60 days of mBC diagnosis between June 2012 and June 2014, followed through December 2014, had ≥2 visits within the McKesson Specialty Health/US Oncology Network, and were not on clinical trials during the study period, were eligible.

Treatment pattern by hormone receptors and HER2 status in patients with metastatic breast cancer in the UK, Germany, France, Spain and Italy (EU-5): results from a physician survey.

Background: The differences in country-specific treatment patterns across Europe for metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients have not been extensively studied. This study compared the treatment choices in aggregate, as well as by biomarker status, between various lines of therapy in clinical practice in the EU-5 countries among newly diagnosed mBC patients.

Materials & Methods: The IMS LifeLink™ Oncology Analyzer database, based on surveys of practicing oncologists, was used to identify mBC patients aged ≥21 years.

Thoracoscopic approach for spine deformities.

Background: We reviewed our experience using anterior thoracoscopic procedures in the correction of severe idiopathic scoliosis and kyphotic deformities to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of such procedures.

Study Design: Twenty-four patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgical correction of the spine between March 1995 and December 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. A team consisting of one orthopaedic surgeon and one thoracic surgeon performed anterior thoracoscopic soft tissue release, disc excision, and bone grafting followed on the same day with posterior instrumentation and correction of deformity.

Immunohistochemistry analysis of micrometastasis in pretreatment lymph nodes from patients with esophageal cancer.

Background: With recent advances in neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal cancer, pretreatment lymph node staging has become increasingly important in stratifying patients to appropriate treatment regimens and for prognostication. Immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) using epithelial markers has been shown to identify micrometastases in histologically negative lymph nodes. We performed this study to evaluate if IHC analysis in thoracoscopic/laparoscopic (Ts/Ls) pretreatment staging lymph nodes can reveal additional diagnostic information to routine histopathology.

Leukotriene A4 hydrolase in rat and human esophageal adenocarcinomas and inhibitory effects of bestatin.

Background: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is increasing at the most rapid rate of any cancer in the United States. An esophagogastroduodenal anastomosis (EGDA) surgical model in rats mimics human gastroesophageal reflux and results in EAC. Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), a protein overexpressed in EAC in this model, is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a potent inflammatory mediator.

Thoracoscopy/laparoscopy in the staging of esophageal cancer: Maryland experience.

Precise clinical staging of esophageal cancer before treatment is important. Thoracoscopic/laparoscopic (Ts/Ls) staging has been proposed as a promising staging method. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential benefits of Ts/Ls staging over conventional noninvasive clinical staging in patients with esophageal cancer.