Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy misdiagnosed as intracranial infectious diseases: case reports and literature review.

Background: Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (A-GFAP-A) is an autoimmune central nervous system(CNS) disease characterized by GFAP IgG as a biomarker. Several cases of individuals with A-GFAP-A initially misdiagnosed as infectious diseases of the central nervous system have been reported in research. We report three cases of A-GFAP-A misdiagnosed as viral meningitis or tuberculous meningitis (TBM).

mir-330-5p from mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes targets SETD7 to reduce inflammation in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

This study was to investigate the role of microRNA (miR)-330-5p derived from mesenchymal stem cells-secreted exosomes (MSCs-Exo) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI) through targeting lysine N-methyltransferase SET domain containing 7 (SETD7). MSCs-Exo were separated and identified. MSCs-Exo were used to treat the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model.

Clinical characteristics of late-onset myasthenia gravis.

Objective: Late-onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG) often has comorbidities, and its initial symptoms may be ignored or misdiagnosed as other diseases. There were few large surveys on LOMG. Our study aimed to summarize clinical characteristics of LOMG to improve the rate of correct MG diagnosis.

Dilemma in differentiation of spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 from Huntington's disease: comorbidity or independent disease?

Both Huntington's disease (HD) and Spinocerebellar ataxia 17 (SCA17) mutations showed expanded CAG repeats, with overlapping clinical manifestation: motor disorders, psychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairments. Therefore, SCA17 is also called Huntington like disease (HD-like, HDL) type 4. In this paper, we reported that one patient had 47 CAG repeats in HTT gene and 42 CAG repeats in TBP gene.

Neuro-protective effects of n-butylphthalide on carbon monoxide poisoning rats by modulating IL-2, AKT and BCL-2.

Acute carbon monoxide poisoning (CO-poisoning) causes neurotoxicity by inducing necrosis, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a synthetic compound originally extracted from the seeds of Chinese celery and based on pure l-3-n-butylphthalide. In ischemia/reperfusion, it exerts neuroprotective effects through its anti-apoptotic, anti-necrotic and antioxidant properties, and activation of pro-survival pathways.

The High Value of External Anal- and Urethral-Sphincter Electromyography in Differential Diagnosis with MSA-P, PD, and PSP.

Objective: It is a challenge to differentiate multiple system atrophy parkinsonism (MSA-P), Parkinson's disease (PD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). We aimed to explore the value of external anal-sphincter electromyography (EAS-EMG) and urethral-sphincter electromyography (US-EMG) in differential diagnosis with MSA-P, PD, and PSP.

Methods: A total of 149 subjects, including 27 MSA-P, 100 PD, and 22 PSP, were recruited.

Clinical Reasoning: A 17-Year-Old Girl With Progressive Cognitive Impairment.

A 17-year-old girl presented with a long history of cognitive impairment, personality and behavioral changes, dysarthria, and paroxysmal lower-extremity weakness. She was initially suspected of having mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes because of stroke-like symptoms, such as episodic lower-extremity weakness, as well as abnormal brain MRI findings of generalized cerebral atrophy, extensive high-intensity lesions in the cortex and subcortical white matter on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, decreased N-acetyl aspartate/creatine ratio, and a lactate peak in the focal area on spectrum images. However, there were no relatives with similar presentations in the family of the patient.

Dizziness in a tertiary neurological department: A cross-sectional study.

Background And Objective: Dizziness is a common and challenging symptom, which can be caused by different pathophysiological mechanisms and might affect a large number of population. However, up to now, there have been limited research on the characteristics of dizziness as the chief complaint in hospitalized patients in the Department of Neurology. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the hospitalized patients with dizziness as their chief complaint in the Department of Neurology.

Clinical characteristics of two patients with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease and literature review.

Background: Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease, with complex and diverse clinical manifestations and pathological eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions in the central and peripheral nervous systems and visceral organs. Improvements in diagnostic methods such as skin biopsy and gene testing are helpful in revealing the clinical and genetic characters of NIID.

Materials And Methods: We presented two cases of NIID diagnosed by using gene testing and skin biopsy.

Neuroimaging and clinicopathological differences between tumefactive demyelinating lesions and sentinel lesions of primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Objective: It is still a challenge to distinguish sentinel lesions of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) from atypical tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs) in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate potential differences of clinical features, neuroimaging findings and pathological characteristics between PCNSL and TDLs, improving early accurate diagnosis.

Methods: It was a retrospective study involving 116 patients with TDLs and 150 patients with PCNSLs.

[Morvan syndrome with positive anti LGI1/CASPR2 antibodies in serum/cerebrospinal fluid:a case report and literature review].

To report a typical case of Morvan syndrome with positive anti-leucine rich glioma-inactivated 1(LGI1) and contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2) antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. A 39-years-old female initially presented weakness of extremeties. The main symptoms included paroxysmal limb pain, wheezing, itching, muscle twitching, epilepsy, hypomnesia, dysphoria, apathy, intractable insomnia, salivation and sweating.

The role of the microRNA regulatory network in Alzheimer's disease: a bioinformatics analysis.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease which presents with an earlier age of onset and increased symptom severity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between regulation of miRNAs and AD.

Material And Methods: We completed a bioinformatic analysis of miRNA-AD studies through multiple databases such as TargetScan, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), FunRich and String and assessed which miRNAs are commonly elevated or decreased in brain tissues, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of AD patients.

Update on diagnosis and differential diagnosis of vestibular migraine.

Background: Vestibular migraine (VM) is considered the most common cause of spontaneous episodic vertigo and the second most common cause of vertigo. However, without a biomarker or a complete understanding of the pathophysiology, VM remains underrecognized and underdiagnosed. Therefore, definite diagnostic criteria are urgently needed.

The Treatment of Vestibular Migraine: A Narrative Review.

Vestibular migraine (VM) is one of the most debilitating chronic diseases that is currently underdiagnosed and undertreated. The treatment of VM is a dynamic and rapidly advancing area of research. New developments in this field have the potential to improve the diagnosis and provide more individualized treatments for this condition.

Acute-onset paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration secondary to neuroendocrine carcinoma with atypical prognosis: a case report.

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a neurological syndrome that is likely caused by tumor-induced autoimmunity against the cerebellum. Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a type of neoplasm with high-grade malignant histology and biological behavior. The prognosis for both PCD and NEC is typically poor.

Cognitive behavior therapy for dizziness: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To investigate the association between cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and dizziness.

Methods: The databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of science will be searched for randomized controlled trials. Weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval will be utilized to calculate the effect of CBT on dizziness between the 2 groups.

Differential value of external anal- and urethral-sphincter electromyography in multiple system atrophy cerebellar type and spinocerebellar ataxias.

Objective: Clinically differentiating multiple system atrophy cerebellar type (MSA-C) and spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) is challenging, especially at early disease stages, because of their similarities in clinical manifestation and imaging results. The purpose of this study was to explore the value of external anal-sphincter electromyography (EAS-EMG) and urethral-sphincter electromyography (US-EMG) for distinguishing between MSA-C and SCAs.

Methods: A total of 51 subjects, including 33 MSA-C and 18 SCAs, were recruited.

Characteristics of mass lesion presentation of primary angiitis of the central nervous system: A single center 11-year retrospective case-series study.

Objective: Mass lesion presentation of primary angiitis of the central nervous system (ML-PACNS) is a special subtype of primary central nervous system vasculitis, which is difficult to be differentiated from other space-occupying disorders. We aimed to summarize our experience and improve diagnostic techniques of ML-PACNS.

Patients And Methods: Case records for 16 patients treated in the Department of Neurology of Six Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from December 2008 to November 2019 were examined.

Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Diagnosis of Infectious Encephalitis and Meningitis: A Large, Prospective Case Series of 213 Patients.

We assessed the performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnosis of infectious encephalitis and meningitis. This was a prospective multicenter study. Cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with viral encephalitis and/or meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, bacterial meningitis, fungal meningitis, and non-central nervous system (CNS) infections were subjected to mNGS.

Differential Diagnosis Of Multiple-System Atrophy With Parkinson's Disease By External Anal- And Urethral-Sphincter Electromyography.

Background: The differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) with multiple-system atrophy (MSA) is difficult because of their similarity in symptoms and signs. The objective of this study was to investigate the value of external anal-sphincter electromyography (EAS-EMG) and urethral-sphincter electromyography (US-EMG) in differentiating MSA from PD.

Methods: A total of 201 patients, - 101 MSA and 100 PD - were recruited in this study.

Correlation of 5-HTR6 gene polymorphism with vestibular migraine.

Objective: To investigate the correlation of 5-hydroxy tryptamine receptor 6 (5-HTR6) gene polymorphism with vestibular migraine (VM).

Methods: A total of 92 VM patients were enrolled as the observation group, and 100 healthy people receiving physical examinations as the control group. Their general clinical information was collected, and the level of 5-HT in plasma and the vestibular function test indexes were detected.

A Weighted Genetic Risk Score Based on Four APOE-Independent Alzheimer's Disease Risk Loci May Supplement APOE E4 for Better Disease Prediction.

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in European descent population have identified more than 30 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we genotyped 39 AD-risk SNPs in 499 sporadic AD patients and 760 matched healthy controls of Mongolian ethnicity from the Inner Mongolia, China. Further, we investigated whether genetic risk score (GRS) combining multiple AD-risk loci confirmed in our study population could improve AD prediction.

Correlations of Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Subunit Alpha1 A (CACNA1A) Gene Polymorphisms with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations of calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A (CACNA1A) gene polymorphisms with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 120 BPPV patients and 60 healthy controls were enrolled according to the diagnostic criteria in the Guideline of Diagnosis and Treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (2017). Clinical and biochemical data were collected, the rs2074880 (T/G) polymorphisms in the CACNA1A gene were detected using TaqMan-MGB probe method, and the correlations of BPPV with predisposing factors were analyzed through logistic analysis.

Evaluation of Problem- and Simulator-Based Learning in Lumbar Puncture in Adult Neurology Residency Training.

Background: Lumbar puncture (LP) is an essential part of adult neurology residency training. Technologic as well as nontechnologic training is needed. However, current assessment tools mostly focus on the technologic aspects of LP.