Land carbon sink function variation across bedrock types in Southwest China.

Terrestrial ecosystem carbon sinks are a natural deposit that absorbs carbon from the atmosphere. A stable land carbon sink facilitates more reliable predictions of carbon sequestration under changing climate conditions. In contrast, a highly variable land carbon sink will introduce significant uncertainty into model predictions.

Region-specific biomechanical characterization of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm of hypertensive patients with bicuspid aortic valves.

Hypertension and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) are key clinical factors that may affect local biomechanical properties of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (ATAAs). This study sought to investigate regional differences in biaxial mechanical properties of the ATAAs for the hypertensive patients with BAV. Fresh ATAA samples were harvested from 16 hypertensive patients (age, 66 ± 9 years) undergoing elective aortic surgery.

Purification and structural characterization of a neutral polysaccharide from Boletus auripes using self-made quaternary chitosan cryogel.

The purification of polysaccharides is an essential preliminary step in determining their chemical structure, although it presents significant challenges. In this research, a macro-porous monolith of quaternary chitosan cryogel was synthesized for the purification of a neutral polysaccharide from Boletus auripes. A homogeneous neutral polysaccharide (BAP-1a1) with a weight-average molecular weight of 4.

Autoregulation of TRF2 through G-Quadruplex-Specific Interaction between the Gene and N-Terminal Domain of the Protein.

Telomere repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) is a key component of the shelterin complex which guards the integrity of the telomere. Most of the TRF2 discussed previously was focused on the telomere, and relatively less is discussed on aspects other than that. It is proved that TRF2 also localizes to other potential G-quadruplex-forming sequences among the whole genome besides the telomere.

Strong self-association of chitosan microgels at interface mediated high stabilities in Pickering emulsion.

The spontaneous self-organization of naturally-occurring polysaccharide particles into a thick and robust gel network at interface in Pickering emulsion is challenging. Inspired by the phenomenon that chitosan microgels (CSMs) with a certain size could self-associate into a solidified gel phase upon freezing, here we tentatively used CSMs to construct a highly-stable Pickering emulsion. CSMs can form a stable Langmuir's layer at the water/oil interface through the network deformation and re-arrangement of dangling chains, while the subsequent negative polymer coating can avoid the bridging resulting from the cross-association for CSMs on different emulsion droplets upon freezing.

Assessment of the potential for carbon sink enhancement in the overlapping ecological project areas of China.

Ecological engineering can significantly improve ecosystem carbon sequestration. However, few studies have projected the carbon sink trends in regions where ecological engineering projects overlap and have not considered the different climate change conditions and land use scenarios. Using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method and machine learning algorithms (enhanced boosted regression trees), the aims of this study to elucidate the stability of carbon sinks and their driving mechanisms in areas where ecological projects overlap and to predict the potential enhancement in carbon sinks under varying climate and human activity scenarios.

Polyamine-modified naphthalimide derivative 9C inhibits colorectal cancer through ROS-mediated ER stress, migration and invasion.

Mounting evidence over the past decades has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of targeting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling in cancer. Naphthalimdes exert their anti-cancer activities in a variety of ways. However, the effects of naphthalimides on ER stress are rarely reported.

Phosphine-Catalyzed [4 + 1] Annulation of β'-Acetoxy Allenoate with α-Alkylidene Succinimides: Access to Functionalized Spirosuccinimide Derivatives.

A phosphine-catalyzed [4 + 1] annulation of β'-acetoxy allenoate with α-alkylidene succinimides is described. This method demonstrates the nucleophilic dialkylation and cyclization of α-alkylidene succinimides, resulting in the formation of functionalized spirosuccinimide derivatives. The reaction exhibits a wide substrate scope and yields ranging from moderate to excellent under the optimized conditions.

A Copula-based spatiotemporal probabilistic model for heavy metal pollution incidents in drinking water sources.

Water pollution incidents pose a significant threat to the safety of drinking water supplies and directly impact the quality of life of the residents when multiple pollutants contaminate drinking water sources. The majority of drinking water sources in China are derived from rivers and lakes that are often significantly impacted by water pollution incidents. To tackle the internal mechanisms between water quality and quantity, in this study, a Copula-based spatiotemporal probabilistic model for drinking water sources at the watershed scale is proposed.

A novel strategy to enhance inhibition of Hela cervical cancer by combining Lentinus β-glucan and autophagic flux blockage.

Lentinus β-D-glucan (LNT), derived from artificially cultured mushrooms of Lentinus edodes, shows an important yet incompletely understood biological functions in cancer. In this work, the chemical structure of the refined LNT comprising a β-D-(1, 6)-branched β-D-(1,3)-glucan was further clarified via 1D- and 2D-NMR with high resolution, and its drug resistance resulted from autophagy in human cervical cancer (CC) Hela cells besides its anti-cancer function were revealed in vitro and in vivo. In detail, LNT destroyed cellular homeostasis by significantly increasing the intracellular Ca levels and promoted autophagic flux in vitro Hela cells, which was found to at least partially depend on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated pathway by up-regulating LC3-II levels and down-regulating the expression of p62, PI3K, p-Akt, and mTOR in Hela cells-transplanted BALB/c nude mice.

Stability of gross primary productivity and its sensitivity to climate variability in China.

Identifying the stability and sensitivity of land ecosystems to climate change is vital for exploring nature-based solutions. However, the underlying mechanisms governing ecosystem stability and sensitivity, especially in regions with overlapping ecological projects, remain unclear. based on Mann-Kendall, stability analysis method, and multiple regression method, this study quantified the stability and sensitivity of gross primary productivity (GPP) to climate variables [temperature, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), soil moisture, and radiation] in China from 1982 to 2019.

The influence of modified Qing E Formula on the differential expression of serum exosomal miRNAs in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients.

Objective: Although guidelines support the efficacy of Modified Qing' E Formula (MQEF) in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP), its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This retrospective investigation aims to elucidate MQEF's impact on serum exosomal miRNA expression in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients and to explore potential therapeutic mechanisms.

Methods: Following ethical approval and registration, postmenopausal osteoporosis patients aged 50-85 years, meeting the diagnostic criteria were randomly selected and received MQEF decoction supplementary therapy.

Preparation of Difluoromethylated Benzothiophene by Visible-Light-Mediated Alkyne Difunctionalization Reaction.

An efficient method for the preparation of difluoromethylated benzothiophenes via visible-light-mediated alkyne difunctionalization was developed. In this method, inexpensive sodium difluoromethanesulfinate (HCFSONa) was used as the fluorine source, and a variety of benzothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yield under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the reaction operation is simple and easy to scale up.

A marker-free genetic manipulation method for Glaesserella parasuis strains developed by alternately culturing transformants at 37°C and 30°C.

Background: Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) is the causative agent of Glässer's disease, which causes significant economic losses in the swine industry. However, research on the pathogenesis of G.

Proteomics profiling reveals lipid metabolism abnormalities during oogenesis in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss.

Background: Unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) is a clinical dilemma in reproductive fields. Its diagnosis is mainly exclusionary after extensive clinical examination, and some of the patients may still face the risk of miscarriage.

Methods: We analyzed follicular fluid (FF) from fertilization (IVF) in eight patients with URPL without endocrine abnormalities or verifiable causes of abortion and eight secondary infertility controls with no history of pregnancy loss who had experienced at least one normal pregnancy and delivery by direct data-independent acquisition (dDIA) quantitative proteomics to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs).

Role of superfine grinding in whole-purple-wheat flour. Part II: Impacts of size reduction on dough properties, bread quality and in vitro starch digestion.

This study aimed to enhance bread functionality while maintaining its organoleptic attributes by employing superfine grinding and purple wheat, through characterizing dough properties, bread quality attributes, and in vitro starch digestibility. Compared with dough made from commercial-superfine-whole-wheat flour, the superfine-whole-purple-wheat dough was less strong, comparably extensible, and higher in gassing power during mixing, moulding and proofing, respectively. The subsequent bread quality analysis of crumb grain features and texture indicated that the bread made from superfine-whole-purple-wheat flour was more porous and softer with a larger specific volume (3.

Effect of a Multicomponent Exercise Intervention on Recovery of Walking Ability in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate whether multicomponent exercise (MCE) is more effective than single exercise in improving walking ability in patients with stroke.

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL from the establishment of each database to February 2024 was performed.

Yeast β-glucan-based nanoparticles loading methotrexate promotes osteogenesis of hDPSCs and periodontal bone regeneration under the inflammatory microenvironment.

The regeneration of absorbed alveolar bone and reconstruction of periodontal support tissue are huge challenges in the clinical treatment of periodontitis due to the limited regenerative capacity of alveolar bone. It is essential to regulate inflammatory reaction and periodontal cell differentiation. Based on the anti-inflammatory effect of baker's yeast β-glucan (BYG) with biosafety by targeting macrophages, the BYG-based nanoparticles loading methotrexate (cBPM) were fabricated from polyethylene glycol-grafted BYG through chemical crosslinking for treatment of periodontitis.

Prospective Comparison of 2D and 3D T2-Weighted Imaging in Multiparametric MRI for Assessing Muscle Invasion Accuracy Using VI-RADS in Bladder Cancer.

Rationale And Objectives: T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) is an essential sequence for assessing the staging of bladder cancer. This study aimed to compare the image quality and diagnostic performance of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) T2WI in diagnosing muscle invasion of bladder cancer using Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS).

Materials And Methods: Between August 2022 and May 2023, 101 participants with bladder cancer underwent multiparametric MRI including 3D and 2D T2WI.

Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue as a Critical Regulator of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis - A Concise Review.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a major health problem affecting millions of women worldwide. PMOP patients are often accompanied by abnormal accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). BMAT is a critical regulator of bone homeostasis, and an increasing BMAT volume is negatively associated with bone mass reduction or fracture.

The role of cytolethal distending toxin in Glaesserella parasuis JS0135 strain infection: Cytotoxicity, phagocytic resistance and pathogenicity.

Glaesserella parasuis is an important porcine pathogen that commonly colonizes the upper respiratory tract of pigs and is prone to causing Glässer's disease under complex conditions. As yet, the disease has led to serious economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Studies so far have found that several virulence factors are associated with the pathogenicity of G.

Towards sustainable upcycling of side streams of purple bread wheat using dry fractionation: Enhancing bioactive compounds and reducing harmful elements.

Side streams from milling result in significant food wastage. While highly nutritious, their harmful elements raise concerns. To repurpose these side streams safely, this study designed a dry fractionation technique for anthocyanin-rich purple bread wheat.

Surface display of the COE antigen of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus on Bacillus subtilis spores.

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) infects pigs of all ages by invading small intestine, causing acute diarrhoea, vomiting, and dehydration with high morbidity and mortality among newborn piglets. However, current PEDV vaccines are not effective to protect the pigs from field epidemic strains because of poor mucosal immune response and strain variation. Therefore, it is indispensable to develop a novel oral vaccine based on epidemic strains.

Reduced field-of-view DWI based on deep learning reconstruction improving diagnostic accuracy of VI-RADS for evaluating muscle invasion.

Objectives: To investigate whether reduced field-of-view (rFOV) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with deep learning reconstruction (DLR) can improve the accuracy of evaluating muscle invasion using VI-RADS.

Methods: Eighty-six bladder cancer participants who were evaluated by conventional full field-of-view (fFOV) DWI, standard rFOV (rFOV) DWI, and fast rFOV with DLR (rFOV) DWI were included in this prospective study. Tumors were categorized according to the vesical imaging reporting and data system (VI-RADS).