Assessment of bovine milk exosome preparation and lyophilized powder stability.

Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles that play a crucial role in intercellular communication, presenting promising potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Bovine milk exosomes (MK-Exo) show production scalability and cost-effectiveness, offering distinct advantages over cell-derived exosomes. However, exosome storage and transportation are challenging owing to their unstable nature, necessitating preservation at ultralow temperatures.

An energy and information analysis method of logic gates based on stochastic thermodynamics.

To reduce the energy consumption of logic gates in digital circuits, the size of transistors approaches the mesoscopic scale, e.g. sub-7 nanometers.

A Thermodynamic Study on Information Power in Communication Systems.

Modern information theory pioneered by Shannon provides the mathematical foundation of information transmission and compression. However, the physical (and especially the energetic) nature of the information has been elusive. While the processing of information incurs inevitable energy dissipation, it is possible for communication systems to harness information to perform useful work.

Exosome-drug conjugates delivery: a promising strategy for ameliorating the pharmacokinetic profile of artesunate.

Artesunate (ATS) is considered the most widely employed artemisnin derivative in the treatment of malaria. However, poor solubility and low bioavailability of ATS limit its further clinical application. Herein, we developed a new strategy based on the exosome (exo) - drug conjugation (EDC) using the milk-derived exosomes for ATS delivery.

Embedding Single Pd Atoms on NiGa Intermetallic Surfaces for Efficient and Selective Alkyne Hydrogenation.

Catalytic removal of alkynes is essential in industry for producing polymer-grade alkenes from steam cracking processes. Non-noble Ni-based catalysts hold promise as effective alternatives to industrial Pd-based catalysts but suffer from low activity. Here we report embedding of single-atom Pd onto the NiGa intermetallic surface with replacing Ga atoms via a well-defined synthesis strategy to design Pd-NiGa catalyst for alkyne semi-hydrogenation.

Atomic Design of Alkyne Semihydrogenation Catalysts via Active Learning.

Alkyne hydrogenation on palladium-based catalysts modified with silver is currently used in industry to eliminate trace amounts of alkynes in alkenes produced from steam cracking and alkane dehydrogenation processes. Intensive efforts have been devoted to designing an alternative catalyst for improvement, especially in terms of selectivity and catalyst cost, which is still far away from that as expected. Here, we describe an atomic design of a high-performance Ni-based intermetallic catalyst aided by active machine learning combined with density functional theory calculations.

Novel roles of bovine milk-derived exosomes in skin antiaging.

Background: Exosomes are small vesicles released from cells and are found in various mammalian biological fluids, such as bovine milk, which has been employed in skincare for many years, apart from its dairy applications. In addition, exosomes have been recognized as vehicles for intercellular communication.

Aims: In this study, we aimed to investigate the novel effects of bovine milk-derived exosomes (MK-Exo) on antiaging in human skin.

Beam management optimization for V2V communications based on deep reinforcement learning.

Intelligent connected vehicles have garnered significant attention from both academia and industry in recent years as they form the backbone of intelligent transportation and smart cities. Vehicular networks now exchange a range of mixed information types, including safety, sensing, and multimedia, due to advancements in communication and vehicle technology. Accordingly, performance requirements have also evolved, prioritizing higher spectral efficiencies while maintaining low latency and high communication reliability.

Mixed Plastics Wastes Upcycling with High-Stability Single-Atom Ru Catalyst.

Mixed plastic waste treatment has long been a significant challenge due to complex composition and sorting costs. In this study, we have achieved a breakthrough in converting mixed plastic wastes into a single chemical product using our innovative single-atom catalysts for the first time. The single-atom Ru catalyst can convert ∼90% of real mixed plastic wastes into methane products (selectivity >99%).

Intraduodenal Delivery of Exosome-Loaded SARS-CoV-2 RBD mRNA Induces a Neutralizing Antibody Response in Mice.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has presented numerous challenges to global health. Vaccines, including lipid-based nanoparticle mRNA, inactivated virus, and recombined protein, have been used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections in clinics and have been immensely helpful in controlling the pandemic. Here, we present and assess an oral mRNA vaccine based on bovine-milk-derived exosomes (milk-exos), which encodes the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) as an immunogen.

MiR-141-3p promotes malignant progression in prostate cancer through AlkB homolog 5-mediated mA modification of protein arginine methyltransferase 6.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in males worldwide and exploring more reliable biomarkers for PCa is essential for the diagnosis and therapeutics for the disease. Although the functions of miR-141-3p and AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) were identified in some cancers, whether they were involved in the development of PCa remains unclear. In this study, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction unveiled that the expression of ALKBH5 was reduced in PCa tissues and was negatively correlated with miR-141-3p.

Increasing the Distance of Adjacent Palladium Atoms for Configuration Matching in Selective Hydrogenation.

Precisely tailoring the distance between adjacent metal sites to match adsorption configurations of key species for the targeted reaction pathway is a great challenge in heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we report a proof-of-concept study on the atomically sites-tailored pathway in Pd-catalyzed acetylene hydrogenation, i.e.

Mechanism driven design of trimer NiSb site delivering superior hydrogenation selectivity to ethylene.

Mechanism driven catalyst design with atomically uniform ensemble sites is an important yet challenging issue in heterogeneous catalysis associated with breaking the activity-selectivity trade-off. Herein, a trimer NiSb site in NiSb intermetallic featuring superior selectivity is elaborated for acetylene semi-hydrogenation via a theoretical guidance with a precise synthesis strategy. The trimer NiSb site in NiSb intermetallic is predicted to endow acetylene reactant with an adequately but not excessively strong σ-adsorption mode while ethylene product with a weak π-adsorption one, where such compromise delivers higher ethylene formation rate.

Study on the Correlation between the Prevalence of Venous Thromboembolism in Kazak Pregnant and Lying-In Women in Xinjiang.

In order to reveal the correlation between the prevalence of venous thromboembolism in Kazak pregnant and lying-in women in Xinjiang, the polymorphisms in the promoter region and coding region of the TAFI gene and the interaction of environmental factors are investigated. In this study, determination and analysis of anticoagulation indexes are conducted. The activity of antithrombin III and protein C is measured by chromogenic substrate method, and the activity of protein S is measured by coagulation method.

Biopsy Forceps-Assisted Loop Snare Technique for Complex Retrieval of Inferior Vena Cava Filter.

Introduction: Severe tilt with embedded hooks is a common obstacle to successful inferior vena cava (IVC) filter retrieval.

Methods: Disposal biopsy forceps were used to remodel the filter hook in the center position to release the embedded hook from the caval wall.

Results: The biopsy forceps-assisted loop snare technique was successfully used to retrieve filters with hooks embedded in the IVC wall.

The Distance From the Primary Intimal Tear to the Left Subclavian Artery Predicts Thoracic Aortic Enlargement After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair of Type B Aortic Dissection: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the distance from the primary intimal tear (PIT) to the left subclavian artery (LSA) (PIT-LSA distance) and the risk of aortic enlargement after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR).

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. A total of 228 patients were reviewed from the database of the Registry Of type B aortic dissection with the Utility of STent graft (ROBUST) study performed from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2016.

Expression and role of interleukin-1β and associated biomarkers in deep vein thrombosis.

Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common peripheral vascular disease, in which inflammation plays an important role. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and role of inflammatory factors in DVT. A rat model of venous thrombosis of the lower extremities was established through venous ligation surgery.

Role and Mechanism of mir-5189-3p in Deep Vein Thrombosis of Lower Extremities.

Background: This study is to investigate the role and mechanism of mir-5189-3p in deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in lower extremity.

Methods: The blood samples were collected from Kazakh patients with DVT in lower extremity and were subjected to microRNA sequencing. Bioinformatics were used to identify mir-5189-3p and its target genes.

Power-Consumption Outage in Beyond Fifth Generation Mobile Communication Systems.

One of the biggest problems facing future mobile systems beyond 5G (B5G) is the energy dissipation of mobile devices at high data rates. The heat generated by these devices can impact the performance as a result of a new type of outage called power-consumption outage. In this article, we propose a general definition of the power-consumption outage and describe its three features.

A S-Shaped Association of Distal Oversizing Ratio with Distal Stent-Graft-Induced New Entry Following Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Stanford B Aortic Dissection.

Background: This study was performed to evaluate the nonlinear association of the distal oversizing ratio with distal stent-graft-induced new entry (dSINE) following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for type B aortic dissection (TBAD) and to find the optimal value of the distal oversizing ratio for prevention strategy of dSINE.

Methods: Total of 177 patients who underwent TEVAR for TBAD from the Registry Of type B aortic dissection with the Utility of STent graft were retrospectively investigated. Patients were stratified into two groups on the median distal oversizing ratio: lower group (≤16%, n = 88) and higher group (>16%, n = 89).

Identification of Novel Long Noncoding RNAs and Their Role in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Objective: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical molecular regulators in various diseases. However, the potential regulatory role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains elusive. The aim of this study was to identify crucial lncRNAs associated with human AAA by comparing the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of patients with AAA with those of control individuals.

Expression profile of circular RNAs in cystic echinococcosis pericystic tissue.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression profiles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the pericystic tissue of patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE).

Patients And Methods: CircRNA expression profiles were obtained by circRNA microarray of four matched pairs of pericystic tissues affected by CE and adjacent normal liver tissues. qRT-PCR was used to validate the differential expression of some circRNAs identified by the microarray analysis.

Construction and Validation of a Robust Cancer Stem Cell-Associated Gene Set-Based Signature to Predict Early Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer.

Background: Postoperative early biochemical recurrence (BCR) was an essential indicator for recurrence and distant metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to construct a cancer stem cell- (CSC-) associated gene set-based signature to identify a subgroup of PCa patients who are at high risk of early BCR.

Methods: The PCa dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was randomly separated into discovery and validation set.

Dissection length-to-descending thoraco-abdominal aorta length ratio predicts abdominal aortic enlargement after thoracic endovascular aortic repair for type B aortic dissection involving the abdominal aorta.

Objectives: This study was performed to assess the association between the dissection length-to-descending thoraco-abdominal aorta length ratio (LLR) and abdominal aortic enlargement (AAE) (≥20% increase in total abdominal aortic volume) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in patients with type B aortic dissection.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed data from 184 consecutive patients with type B aortic dissection who underwent TEVAR from January 2011 to December 2016 at 4 hospitals as part of the Registry Of type B aortic dissection with Utility of STent graft study. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography angiography images were reviewed to assess the LLR and AAE.

The Number of Preoperative Abdominal False Lumen-perfused Small Branches Is Related to Abdominal Aortic Remodeling after Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Type B Aortic Dissection.

Background: Abdominal aortic enlargement (AAE) is a commonly seen complication after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for type B aortic dissection (TBAD). This study assessed the relationship between preoperative abdominal false lumen-perfused small branches (pre-AFLSBs) and risk of AAE after TEVAR for TBAD extending through the abdominal aorta.

Methods: One hundred and eighty-four patients with TBAD who had been treated by TEVAR at 4 hospitals in China were stratified in accordance with median pre-AFLSBs: ≤8 (group A) and >8 (group B).