Integration of pharmacodynamics and metabolomics to reveal rhubarb anthraquinone protection against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease rat model.

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of Rhubarb anthraquinone (RA) on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rat model, and explore potential biomarker and metabolic pathways by using the metabolomics method.

Materials And Methods: We established HFD rats as the NAFLD model. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group, model group, RA low-dose group, RA medium-dose group, and RA high-dose group, and evaluated the protective effect of RA on NAFLD by detecting biochemical indicators of serum and pathological changes of liver tissue.

Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Rhubarb Anthraquinones in Normal and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Rats.

Background And Objectives: Rhubarb anthraquinones contain five main components, that is, rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion, which demonstrate good therapeutic effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, research on its pharmacokinetics in NAFLD remains lacking. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic differences of rhubarb anthraquinones in normal and NAFLD rats.

Downregulation of mGluR1-mediated signaling underlying autistic-like core symptoms in Shank1 P1812L-knock-in mice.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core symptoms that consist of social deficits and repetitive behaviors. Unfortunately, no effective medication is available thus far to target the core symptoms of ASD, since the pathogenesis remains largely unknown. To investigate the pathogenesis of the core symptoms in ASD, we constructed Shank1 P1812L-knock-in (KI) mice corresponding to a recurrent ASD-related mutation, SHANK1 P1806L, to achieve construct validity and face validity.

Wellens syndrome during chemotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma: A case report of cardiovascular toxicity associated with gemcitabine-containing regimen.

Rationale: Wellens syndrome is a comprehensive electrocardiographic (ECG) diagnosis that combines medical history with characteristic ECG changes. These changes, characterized by biphasic T-wave inversions or symmetric and deep T-wave inversions in the anterior precordial leads, often indicate that the left anterior descending coronary artery is at a high risk of severe stenosis. Chemotherapy-related cardiovascular toxicity refers to damage to the cardiovascular system caused by chemotherapeutic drugs, which is unpredictable and may occur during or after chemotherapy.

Study on the mechanism of acute liver injury protection in Rhubarb anthraquinone by metabolomics based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS.

As a traditional Chinese medicine, rhubarb has been used in a variety of liver diseases and it is widely used in clinic to prevent and treat acute liver injury. Anthraquinone, as the main medicinal component of rhubarb, can reverse the further development of liver fibrosis caused by acute liver injury. In this study, metabonomics was used to explore the mechanism of different doses of rhubarb anthraquinone on acute liver injury in rats.

Neurodevelopmental trajectories, polygenic risk, and lipometabolism in vulnerability and resilience to schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia (SZ) arises from a complex interplay involving genetic and molecular factors. Early intervention of SZ hinges upon understanding its vulnerability and resiliency factors in study of SZ and genetic high risk for SZ (GHR).

Methods: Herein, using integrative and multimodal strategies, we first performed a longitudinal study of neural function as measured by amplitude of low frequency function (ALFF) in 21 SZ, 26 GHR, and 39 healthy controls to characterize neurodevelopmental trajectories of SZ and GHR.

Nephroprotective and nephrotoxic effects of Rhubarb and their molecular mechanisms.

Rhubarb, in the form of a traditional Chinese medicine, is used in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous studies have demonstrated that Rhubarb possesses a good nephroprotective effect, which primarily protects the kidneys from fibrosis, oxidation, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. However, studies have shown that the long-term inappropriate use of Rhubarb may cause damage to renal function.

Efficacy and safety of total glucosides of paeony in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Total glucosides of paeony (TGP), extracted from the Chinese medicine Pall., have been proven to be effective in various autoimmune diseases. We aim to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of TGP combined with different conventional therapeutic agents in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

A recurrent SHANK1 mutation implicated in autism spectrum disorder causes autistic-like core behaviors in mice via downregulation of mGluR1-IP3R1-calcium signaling.

The genetic etiology and underlying mechanism of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain elusive. SHANK family genes (SHANK1/2/3) are well known ASD-related genes. However, little is known about how SHANK missense mutations contribute to ASD.

Associations between hemispheric asymmetry and schizophrenia-related risk genes in people with schizophrenia and people at a genetic high risk of schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia is considered a polygenic disorder. People with schizophrenia and those with genetic high risk of schizophrenia (GHR) have presented with similar neurodevelopmental deficits in hemispheric asymmetry. The potential associations between neurodevelopmental abnormalities and schizophrenia-related risk genes in both schizophrenia and those with GHR remains unclear.

Associations between polygenic risk scores and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation of inferior frontal gyrus in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a serious and complex mental disorder with high heritability. Polygenic risk score (PRS) is a useful tool calculating the accumulating effects of multiple common genetic variants of schizophrenia. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) is an efficient index to reflect spontaneous, intrinsic neuronal activity.

ANK3 Gene Polymorphism Rs10994336 Influences Executive Functions by Modulating Methylation in Patients With Bipolar Disorder.

A large body of evidence suggests that epigenetic modification including DNA methylation plays a critical role in BD's pathogenesis while the identification of methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) shed light on the interpretation of the function of genetic variants in non-coding regions. The intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10994336 within the ANK3 has emerged as one of the most replicated risk variants for bipolar disorder (BD) in genome-wide association studies. Whether rs10994336 functions as a meQTL to mediate the association between genotype and phenotype remains unclear.

Electrocardiographic Characteristics of Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy.

Introduction: Patients receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer may be at risk of developing cardiac dysfunction and electrophysiological abnormalities. The aim of this study is to evaluate alterations in electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective single-center cohort study conducted in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China.

Identifying and validating subtypes within major psychiatric disorders based on frontal-posterior functional imbalance via deep learning.

Converging evidence increasingly implicates shared etiologic and pathophysiological characteristics among major psychiatric disorders (MPDs), such as schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Examining the neurobiology of the psychotic-affective spectrum may greatly advance biological determination of psychiatric diagnosis, which is critical for the development of more effective treatments. In this study, ensemble clustering was developed to identify subtypes within a trans-diagnostic sample of MPDs.

Polygenic risk for autism spectrum disorder affects left amygdala activity and negative emotion in schizophrenia.

Although the diagnoses based on phenomenology have many practical advantages, accumulating evidence shows that schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) share some overlap in genetics and clinical presentation. It remains largely unknown how ASD-associated polygenetic risk contributes to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In the present study, we calculated high-resolution ASD polygenic risk scores (ASD PRSs) and selected optimal ten ASD PRS with minimal P values in the association analysis of PRSs, with schizophrenia to assess the effect of ASD PRS on brain neural activity in schizophrenia cases and controls.

A review of the processed Polygonum multiflorum (Thunb.) for hepatoprotection: Clinical use, pharmacology and toxicology.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Polygonum multiflorum (Thunb.) (PMT) is a member of Polygonaceae. Traditional Chinese medicine considers that the processed PMT can tonify liver, nourish blood and blacken hair.

A review on the pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin and its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.

Increasing pharmacological evidence supports that paeoniflorin, a water-soluble monoterpene glycoside isolated from Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Shaoyao in Chinese), has a wide range of medicinal properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antithrombotic, anticonvulsive, analgesic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antidepressant-like, antitumoral, and immune-regulatory activities; as well as enhancing cognition and attenuating learning impairment. In addition to pharmacodynamic studies, information on pharmacokinetics is also significant for the further development and utilization of paeoniflorin.

Exploration of anti-inflammatory mechanism of forsythiaside A and forsythiaside B in CuSO-induced inflammation in zebrafish by metabolomic and proteomic analyses.

Background: Inflammation is a general pathological phenomenon during severe disturbances to the homeostasis. Forsythiaside A (FA) and forsythiaside B (FB), isolated from the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, are phenylethanoid compounds that show a significant anti-inflammatory effect.

In vitro and in situ study on characterization and mechanism of the intestinal absorption of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside.

Background: 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbence-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) is a polyhydroxyphenolic compound, which exhibited a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-depression, anti-oxidation and anti-atherosclerosis. However, the compound had poor bioavailability and the underlying absorption mechanisms had not been studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the intestinal absorption mechanism of TSG.

Effects of the LHPP gene polymorphism on the functional and structural changes of gray matter in major depressive disorder.

Background: A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the LHPP gene (rs35936514) has been reported to be associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) in genome-wide association studies. However, the systems-level neural effects of rs35936514 that mediate the association are unknown. We hypothesized that variations in rs35936514 would be associated with structural and functional changes in gray matter (GM) at rest in MDD patients.

Study on hepatotoxicity of different dosages of Polygoni multiflori radix praeparata in rats by metabolomics based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS.

As a kind of replenishing Chinese medicine, polygoni multiflori radix praeparata (PMP) had high application value in clinic. However, with the increase of clinical applications, more and more hepatotoxicity reports have been reported which had shown has a dose-time-toxicity dependent correlation of PMP hepatotoxicity. Therefore, it was particularly important to investigate the safe and effective dose of PMP in clinical drug administration.