Advanced SERS Platform for Uniform and Reliable Molecular Detection.

Signal uniformity is crucial for reliable and quantifiable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements. However, challenges arise due to the continuous impact of localized hottest spots and the coffee ring effect on signal uniformity. In response to this, we developed a platform featuring a hierarchical structure with Ag nanopores and microbowls (HANM) and incorporated superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic (SHB/SHL) treatments.

High-Performance Green and Blue Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled by CdZnSe/ZnS Core/Shell Colloidal Quantum Wells.

The unique anisotropic properties of colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) make them highly promising as components in nanocrystal-based devices. However, the limited performance of green and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on CQWs has impeded their practical applications. In this study, alloy CdZnSe core CQWs with precise compositions are tailored via direct cation exchange (CE) from CdSe CQWs with specific size, shape, and crystal structure and utilized hot-injection shell (HIS) growth to synthesize CdZnSe/ZnS core/shell CQWs exhibiting exceptional optoelectronic characteristics.

Micro-nano hierarchical urchin-like ZnO/Ag hollow sphere for SERS detection and photodegradation of antibiotics.

Hollow urchin-like substrates have been widely interested in the field of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and photocatalysis. However, most reported studies are simple nanoscale urchin-like substrate with limited light trapping range and complicated preparation process. In this paper, a simple and effective controllable synthesis strategy based on micro-nano hierarchical urchin-like ZnO/Ag hollow spheres was prepared.

Solving initial-terminal value problem of time evolutions by a deep least action method: Newtonian dynamics and wave equations.

We introduce a deep least action method (DLAM) rooted in the principle of least action to solve the trajectory of an evolution problem. DLAM offers an efficient unsupervised solution and can be applied once the action or Lagrangian of the concerned physical system is clear, totally avoiding the differential equations. As required by the least action principle, we incorporate a normalized deep neural network to exactly satisfy the initial-terminal value conditions; thus the evolution problem is transformed into an unconstrained optimization problem.

scTML: a pan-cancer single-cell landscape of multiple mutation types.

Investigating mutations, including single nucleotide variations (SNVs), gene fusions, alternative splicing and copy number variations (CNVs), is fundamental to cancer study. Recent computational methods and biological research have demonstrated the reliability and biological significance of detecting mutations from single-cell transcriptomic data. However, there is a lack of a single-cell-level database containing comprehensive mutation information in all types of cancer.

Transient Leakage Electroluminescence of Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes.

Parasitic emission or leakage emission caused by electron leakage to a hole transport layer in quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) critically impacts device efficiency and operational stability. The buildup dynamics of such emission channels, however, was insufficiently researched. Herein, we investigate transient electroluminescence dynamics of leakage emission in red/green/blue (R/G/B) QLEDs and reveal notable contrast for R and G.

Regioselective synthesis of 3,4-diarylpyrimido[1,2-]indazole derivatives enabled by iron-catalyzed ring-opening of styrene oxides.

The first synthesis of 3,4-diarylpyrimido[1,2-]indazole derivatives from 3-aminoindazoles has been realized. The FeCl-catalyzed intermolecular epoxide ring-opening reaction altered the order of annulation, with the free primary NH groups in 3-aminoindazoles preferentially reacting with styrene oxides instead of aromatic aldehydes. This protocol is further highlighted by its broad substrate compatibility, high chemo- and regioselectivities, and the late-stage modifications of bioactive molecules.

DEAD-box RNA helicase RH20 positively regulates RNAi-based antiviral immunity in plants by associating with SGS3/RDR6 bodies.

RNA silencing plays a crucial role in defending against viral infections in diverse eukaryotic hosts. Despite extensive studies on core components of the antiviral RNAi pathway such as DCLs, AGOs and RDRs proteins, host factors involved in antiviral RNAi remain incompletely understood. In this study, we employed the proximity labelling approach to identify the host factors required for antiviral RNAi in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Conformational studies of biaryl-bridged seven-membered lactones with a quaternary carbon center.

We show the synthesis and conformational studies of a series of 7,7-disubstituted-dibenzo[,]oxepin-6(7)-ones that feature biaryl-bridged seven-membered lactones with a quaternary carbon center, in which the larger substituents prefer the axial positions. Further studies on the crystal structures and DFT calculations revealed that the high selectivity observed is attributed to the volume of substituents.

Membrane-mediated modulation of mitochondrial physiology by terahertz waves.

Extensive studies have demonstrated the diverse impacts of electromagnetic waves at gigahertz and terahertz (THz) frequencies on cytoplasmic membrane properties. However, there is little evidence of these impacts on intracellular membranes, particularly mitochondrial membranes crucial for mitochondrial physiology. In this study, human neuroblast-like cells were exposed to continuous 0.

Advancements and trends in exosome research in lung cancer from a bibliometric analysis (2004-2023).

Background: Lung cancer, characterized by its high morbidity and lethality, necessitates thorough research to enhance our understanding of its pathogenesis and discover novel therapeutic approaches. Recent studies increasingly demonstrate that lung cancer cells can modulate the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor growth, and metastasis through the release of exosomes. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by cells and contain a variety of bioactive molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites.

Flavin-containing monooxygenases FMOs integrate flowering transition and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Salt stress substantially leads to flowering delay. The regulation of salt-induced late flowering has been studied at the transcriptional and protein levels; however, the involvement of secondary metabolites has rarely been investigated. Here, we report that FMOs (EC 1.

Application of Tryptophan and Methionine in Broccoli Seedlings Enhances Formation of Anticancer Compounds Sulforaphane and Indole-3-Carbinol and Promotes Growth.

Broccoli is a popular cruciferous vegetable that is well known for its abundant health-promoting biochemicals. The most important of these beneficial biochemicals are glucosinolates, including glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin. Glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin can be broken down by myrosinases into sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, which have been demonstrated to have potent cancer-preventive properties.

SERS detection of volatile gas in spoiled pork with the Ag/MoS nano-flower cavity/PVDF micron-bowl cavity (FIB) substrate.

Putrescine and cadaverine are significant volatile indicators used to assess the degree of food spoilage. Herein, we propose a micro-nano multi cavity structure for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to analyze the volatile gas putrescine and cadaverine in decomposing food. The MoS nano-flowers are inserted into a PVDF micro-cavity through in-situ growth, followed by vacuum evaporation technology of Ag nanoparticles to form an Ag/MoS nano-flower cavity/PVDF micron-bowl cavity (FIB) substrate.

Structural Insights and Influence of Terahertz Waves in Midinfrared Region on Kv1.2 Channel Selectivity Filter.

Potassium ion channels are the structural basis for excitation transmission, heartbeat, and other biological processes. The selectivity filter is a critical structural component of potassium ion channels, whose structure is crucial to realizing their function. As biomolecules vibrate and rotate at frequencies in the terahertz band, potassium ion channels are sensitive to terahertz waves.

Reversible Thermoelectric Regulation of Electromagnetic and Chemical Enhancement for Rapid SERS Detection.

Actively controlling surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance plays a vital role in highly sensitive detection or in situ monitoring. Nevertheless, it is still challenging to achieve further modulation of electromagnetic enhancement and chemical enhancement simultaneously in SERS detection. In this study, a silver nanocavity structure with graphene as a spacer layer is coupled with thermoelectric semiconductor P-type gallium nitride (GaN) to form an electric-field-induced SERS (E-SERS) for dual enhancement.

Cascade Bowl Multicavity Structure for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Organic Gas Molecules.

With the increasing emphasis on atmospheric environmental protection, it is crucial to find an efficient, direct, and accurate method to identify pollutant species in the atmosphere. To solve this problem, we designed and prepared the cascade multicavity (CMC) structure composed with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate with favorable light transmittance and flexibility. The multicavity structure distributed on the surface introducing the homogeneous connecting holes endows the structure to more fully utilize the incident light while slowing the gas movement rate.

Effect of THz Waves of Different Orientations on K Permeation Efficiency in the KcsA Channel.

Potassium (K) channels show the highest variability and most frequent alterations in expression in many tumor types, and modulation of K channels may represent a new window for cancer therapy. In previous work, we found that a terahertz (THz) field incident along the -axis with a frequency of 51.87 THz increased the ion flux through K channels.

Transcription factor PbNAC71 regulates xylem and vessel development to control plant height.

Dwarfism is an important agronomic trait in fruit breeding programs. However, the germplasm resources required to generate dwarf pear (Pyrus spp.) varieties are limited.

Thermoelectrically Driven Dual-Mechanism Regulation on SERS and Application Potential for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Viruses and Microplastics.

Electric-induced surface-enhanced Raman scattering (E-SERS) has been widely studied for its flexible regulation of SERS after the substrate is prepared. However, the enhancement effect is not sufficiently high in the E-SERS technology reported thus far, and no suitable field of application exists. In this study, a highly sensitive thermoelectrically induced SERS substrate, Ag/graphene/ZnO (AGZ), was fabricated using ZnO nanoarrays (NRs), graphene, and Ag nanoparticles (NPs).

Roadmap on multifunctional materials for drug delivery.

This Roadmap on drug delivery aims to cover some of the most recent advances in the field of materials for drug delivery systems (DDSs) and emphasizes the role that multifunctional materials play in advancing the performance of modern DDS in the context of the most current challenges presented. The Roadmap is comprised of multiple sections, each of which introduces the status of the field, the current and future challenges faced, and a perspective of the required advances necessary for biomaterial science to tackle these challenges. It is our hope that this collective vision will contribute to the initiation of conversation and collaboration across all areas of multifunctional materials for DDSs.

metamedian: An R package for meta-analyzing studies reporting medians.

When performing an aggregate data meta-analysis of a continuous outcome, researchers often come across primary studies that report the sample median of the outcome. However, standard meta-analytic methods typically cannot be directly applied in this setting. In recent years, there has been substantial development in statistical methods to incorporate primary studies reporting sample medians in meta-analysis, yet there are currently no comprehensive software tools implementing these methods.