Yield of genetic association signals from genomes, exomes and imputation in the UK Biobank.

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS), whole-exome sequencing (WES) and array genotyping with imputation (IMP) are common strategies for assessing genetic variation and its association with medically relevant phenotypes. To date, there has been no systematic empirical assessment of the yield of these approaches when applied to hundreds of thousands of samples to enable the discovery of complex trait genetic signals. Using data for 100 complex traits from 149,195 individuals in the UK Biobank, we systematically compare the relative yield of these strategies in genetic association studies.

Defect-induced discrete breather in dissipative optical lattices with weak nonlinearity.

It is widely believed that the discrete breather (DB) can only be created when the nonlinearity is strong in nonlinear systems. However, we here establish that this belief is incorrect. In this work, we systemically investigate the generation of DBs induced by coupling of the defects and nonlinearity for Bose-Einstein condensates in dissipative optical lattices.

Exogenous Serotonin (5-HT) Promotes Mesocotyl and Coleoptile Elongation in Maize Seedlings under Deep-Seeding Stress through Enhancing Auxin Accumulation and Inhibiting Lignin Formation.

Serotonin (5-HT), an indoleamine compound, has been known to mediate many physiological responses of plants under environmental stress. The deep-seeding (≥20 cm) of maize seeds is an important cultivation strategy to ensure seedling emergence and survival under drought stress. However, the role of 5-HT in maize deep-seeding tolerance remains unexplored.

Comparison of freehand technique and a novel laser-guiding navigation system in femoral neck-cannulated screw fixation: a randomized controlled trial.

Cannulated screw fixation is essential in treating femoral neck fractures, and the widely used freehand technique has several limitations. Therefore, we designed a new laser-positioning and navigation system and compared its efficacy with that of the traditional freehand technique in the cannulated screw fixation of femoral neck fractures. This randomized controlled single-blind trial recruited patients with femoral neck fracture, who were treated using either the newly designed laser-navigation device or the freehand technique.

A deep catalog of protein-coding variation in 985,830 individuals.

Coding variants that have significant impact on function can provide insights into the biology of a gene but are typically rare in the population. Identifying and ascertaining the frequency of such rare variants requires very large sample sizes. Here, we present the largest catalog of human protein-coding variation to date, derived from exome sequencing of 985,830 individuals of diverse ancestry to serve as a rich resource for studying rare coding variants.

Integrated QTL Mapping, Meta-Analysis, and RNA-Sequencing Reveal Candidate Genes for Maize Deep-Sowing Tolerance.

Synergetic elongation of mesocotyl and coleoptile are crucial in governing maize seedlings emergence, especially for the maize sown in deep soil. Studying the genomic regions controlling maize deep-sowing tolerance would aid the development of new varieties that are resistant to harsh conditions, such as drought and low temperature during seed germination. Using 346 F maize population families from W64A × K12 cross at three sowing depths, we identified 33 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the emergence rate, mesocotyl, coleoptile, and seedling lengths via composite interval mapping (CIM).

Rice Plant Counting, Locating, and Sizing Method Based on High-Throughput UAV RGB Images.

Rice plant counting is crucial for many applications in rice production, such as yield estimation, growth diagnosis, disaster loss assessment, etc. Currently, rice counting still heavily relies on tedious and time-consuming manual operation. To alleviate the workload of rice counting, we employed an UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) to collect the RGB images of the paddy field.

New insights into light spectral quality inhibits the plasticity elongation of maize mesocotyl and coleoptile during seed germination.

The plastic elongation of mesocotyl (MES) and coleoptile (COL), which can be repressed by light exposure, plays a vital role in maize seedling emergence and establishment under adverse environmental conditions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of light-mediated repression of MES and COL elongation in maize will allow us to develop new strategies for genetic improvement of these two crucial traits in maize. A maize variety, Zheng58, was used to monitor the transcriptome and physiological changes in MES and COL in response to darkness, as well as red, blue, and white light.

Genetic Variation, DIMBOA Accumulation, and Candidate Gene Identification in Maize Multiple Insect-Resistance.

Maize seedlings contain high amounts of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), and the effect of DIMBOA is directly associated with multiple insect-resistance against insect pests such as Asian corn borer and corn leaf aphids. Although numerous genetic loci for multiple insect-resistant traits have been identified, little is known about genetic controls regarding DIMBOA content. In this study, the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values of DIMBOA content in two ecological environments across 310 maize inbred lines were calculated; and their phenotypic data and BLUP values were used for marker-trait association analysis.

Comparison of freehand technique and a novel laser guiding navigation in distal locking of femoral intramedullary nails: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Intramedullary nail (IMN) is one of the key essential minimally invasive "weapons" in orthopaedic trauma, while the distal locking is still challenging for surgeons. Although there are various inventions and technologies to improve the locking procedure, there are still problems such as inaccurate positioning, excessive radiation exposure, low first success rate and long learning curve. Therefore, a new laser guiding navigation device was designed and compared with the traditional freehand (FH) technique in the distal locking of femoral IMN.

Combined application of moist exposed burn ointment and maggot therapy in wound healing.

Objective: Hard-to-heal wounds are a global health challenge, and effective treatments are still lacking. Moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) and maggots are traditional treatments for promoting wound healing. This study was a preliminary exploration of combined maggot therapy and MEBO in the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds.

Search for rogue waves in Bose-Einstein condensates via a theory-guided neural network.

An important and incompletely answered question is whether machine learning methods can be used to discover the excitation of rogue waves (RWs) in nonlinear systems, especially their dynamic properties and phase transitions. In this work, a theory-guided neural network (TgNN) is constructed to explore the RWs of one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates. We find that such method is superior to the ordinary deep neural network due to theory guidance of underlying problems.

Super rogue waves: Collision of rogue waves in Bose-Einstein condensate.

An important and incompletely answered question is whether a high-order rogue wave (RW) can be excited by the collision of first-order RWs, especially for its generation and propagation mechanisms. In this paper, the evolution properties of collisions between RWs are studied numerically for two-component coupled Bose-Einstein condensates. We find that whether a second-order RW can be successfully excited strongly depends on the location and time of the first-order RWs encountered.

Hybrid fixation with ESIN for both bone forearm fractures in adults: A case report and literature review.

Objective: Both bone forearm fractures are common in children and rare in adults. The main surgical treatment is open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with plate, while the hybrid fixation of elastic-stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) and the plate has been rarely reported before.

Case Report: We report a case of a 29-year-old male patient with both bone forearm fractures.

Understanding and Comprehensive Evaluation of Cold Resistance in the Seedlings of Multiple Maize Genotypes.

Maize is a cold-sensitive crop, and it exhibits severe retardation of growth and development when exposed to cold snaps during and right after seedling emergence. Although different agronomic, physiological, and molecular approaches have been tried to overcome the problems related to cold stress in recent years, the mechanisms causing cold resistance in maize are still unclear. Screening and breeding of varieties for cold resistance may be a sustainable option to boost maize production under low-temperature environments.

Corrigendum: Glycemic Control Regimens in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.

Intramedullary nailing for pathological fractures of the proximal humerus caused by multiple myeloma: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease is indicative of MM, and reduces patient life quality. In addition to oncological, antineoplastic systemic therapy, surgical therapy in patients with MM is an essential treatment within the framework of supportive therapy measures and involves orthopedic tumor surgery. Nevertheless, there are few reports on intramedullary (IM) nailing in the treatment of MM-induced proximal humeral fracture to prevent fixation loss.

Transcriptomic and Metabolic Profiling Reveals a Lignin Metabolism Network Involved in Mesocotyl Elongation during Maize Seed Germination.

Lignin is an important factor affecting agricultural traits. The mechanism of lignin metabolism in maize () mesocotyl elongation was investigated during seed germination. Maize seeds were treated with 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) and brassinazole stimulation under 3 and 20 cm deep-seeding stress.

Glycemic Control Regimens in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Background: Increased risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) caused by hyperglycemia makes it necessary to follow perioperative glucose lowering strategies to reduce postoperative complications. A meta-analysis was conducted to understand the efficacy of intensive vs. conventional blood glucose lowering regimens on the incidence of SSIs and hypoglycemia from various randomized controlled studies (RCTs).