Curcumin Alleviates Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Ferroptosis Following Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway.

Early brain injury caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with inflammatory response and ferroptosis. Curcumin alleviates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress by as yet unknown neuroprotective mechanisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of curcumin on neuronal ferroptosis and microglia-induced neuroinflammation following SAH.

Spatial-coupled Ampere-level Electrochemical Propylene Epoxidation over RuO/Ti Hollow-fiber Penetration Electrodes.

The electrochemical propylene epoxidation reaction (PER) provides a promising route for ecofriendly propylene oxide (PO) production, instantly generating active halogen/oxygen species to alleviate chloride contamination inherent in traditional PER. However, the complex processes and unsatisfactory PO yield for current electrochemical PER falls short of meeting industrial application requirements. Herein, a spatial-coupling strategy over RuO/Ti hollow-fiber penetration electrode (HPE) is adopted to facilitate efficient PO production, significantly improving PER performance to ampere level (achieving over 80 % PO faradaic efficiency and a maximum PO current density of 859 mA cm).

Downregulation of mitochondrial calcium uptake family 3 attenuates secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one type of stroke with a high incidence and mortality. Mitochondria provide energy for various life processes and regulate calcium-mediated signaling pathways by taking up calcium ions from cytoplasm. Mitochondrial calcium uptake family 3 (MICU3) is a tissue-specific enhancer of mitochondrial calcium uptake.

Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Ischemic Stroke: Recent Insights into Autophagy.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Autophagy is a conserved cellular catabolic pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis by removal of damaged proteins and organelles, which is critical for the maintenance of energy and function homeostasis of cells. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that autophagy plays important roles in pathophysiological mechanisms under ischemic stroke.

LSV-LP: Large-Scale Video-Based License Plate Detection and Recognition.

In the past few decades, license plate detection and recognition (LPDR) systems have made great strides relying on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). However, these methods are evaluated on small and non-representative datasets that perform poorly in complex natural scenes. Besides, most of existing license plate datasets are based on a single image, while the information source in the actual application of license plates is frequently based on video.

Cerebral Revascularization for the Management of Symptomatic Pure Arterial Malformations.

Pure arterial malformations (PAMs) are extremely rare abnormalities defined as dilated, overlapping, and tortuous arteries with a coil-like appearance in the absence of venous components. Over the last half century, only seven published reports have described cases of patients with PAMs who received treatment. Here, we report two cases of women with PAMs who received surgical treatment, and we present a systematic review of the literature.

Cerebral revascularization for the management of complex middle cerebral artery aneurysm: A case series.

Complex middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms, including aneurysms that are sizeable (large or giant), fusiform, wide-necked or calcified, remain a significant challenge during microsurgical clipping or endovascular coiling as treatment strategies. In the present study, a retrospective analysis of cases of this type of aneurysm treated between August 2012 and December 2019 was performed. From the hospital's database, a total of 13 patients (7 males and 6 females) with a mean age of 39.

Neurovascular Units and Neural-Glia Networks in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: from Mechanisms to Translation.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the most lethal type of stroke, often leads to poor outcomes in the clinic. Due to the complex mechanisms and cell-cell crosstalk during ICH, the neurovascular unit (NVU) was proposed to serve as a promising therapeutic target for ICH research. This review aims to summarize the development of pathophysiological shifts in the NVU and neural-glia networks after ICH.

A Review of Hematoma Components Clearance Mechanism After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a complicated clinical syndrome, which is caused by several kinds of cerebrovascular disorders, with high morbidity, disability and mortality rate. In recent years, several studies have shown that early brain injury (EBI) is an important factor leading to the poor prognosis of SAH. A major cause of EBI has been attributed that hematoma components invade into the brain parenchyma, resulting in neuronal cell death.

Decreased cortical perfusion in areas with blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Moyamoya disease.

Background: Recently, several studies have focused on the relationship between blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment and the etiology of Moyamoya disease (MMD). However, in vivo studies investigating about BBB impairment and cortical perfusion in MMD patients were really rare.

Methods: This study included 16 patients diagnosed with MMD and 9 patients with atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease (ACVD); all of who were treated with superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass.

Intrathecal Fibrinolysis for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Evidence From Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies.

The role of intrathecal fibrinolysis for the treatment of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has been widely investigated; however, the results have been contradictory. In our study, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intrathecal (intracisternal or intraventricular) fibrinolysis for aSAH. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane library databases were searched up to February 1, 2019.

Exosomes Derived From miR-133b-Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury.

Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been found in injured spinal cords after spinal cord injury (SCI). Previous studies have shown that miR-133b plays an important role in the differentiation of neurons and the outgrowth of neurites. Recently, exosomes have been used as novel biological vehicles to transfer miRNAs locally or systemically, but little is known about the effect of the delivery of exosome-mediated miRNAs on the treatment of SCI.

Transposition of branches of radial nerve innervating supinator to posterior interosseous nerve for functional reconstruction of finger and thumb extension in 4 patients with middle and lower trunk root avulsion injuries of brachial plexus.

This study aimed to investigate the reconstruction of the thumb and finger extension function in patients with middle and lower trunk root avulsion injuries of the brachial plexus. From April 2010 to January 2015, we enrolled in this study 4 patients diagnosed with middle and lower trunk root avulsion injuries of the brachial plexus via imaging tests, electrophysiological examinations, and clinical confirmation. Muscular branches of the radial nerve, which innervate the supinator in the forearm, were transposed to the posterior interosseous nerve to reconstruct the thumb and finger extension function.

Betulinic Acid Induces Apoptosis in Differentiated PC12 Cells Via ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway.

Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene of natural origin, has been demonstrated to have varied biologic activities including anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-malarial effects; it has also been found to induce apoptosis in many types of cancer. However, little is known about the effect of BA on normal cells. In this study, the effects of BA on normal neuronal cell apoptosis and the mechanisms involved were studied using differentiated PC12 cells as a model.

The SG13S114 polymorphism of the ALOX5AP gene is associated with ischemic stroke in Europeans: a meta-analysis of 8062 subjects.

The association between ALOX5AP SG13S114 polymorphism and ischemic stroke (IS) susceptibility has extensively been investigated, especially in white populations; however, the results were inconclusive. Here, we perform a meta-analysis to clarify the effect of SG13S114 variant on the IS risk in Europeans. The Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and Medline were searched up to August 1st, 2016.

Differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells into schwann-like cells using dihydrotestosterone combined with a classical induction method.

Objective: To investigate the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) combined with Dezawa's method on the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into schwann-like cells.

Results: Compared to the Dezawa's method, schwann-like cells obtained from our modified method were longer and thinner and exhibited a typical bipolar or tripolar shape. These cells had a higher mRNA expression of S100 and myelin protein zero (P0), about 1.

GlyT1 Inhibitor NFPS Exerts Neuroprotection via GlyR Alpha1 Subunit in the Rat Model of Transient Focal Cerebral Ischaemia and Reperfusion.

Background/aims: Glycine is a strychnine-sensitive inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), especially in the spinal cord, brainstem, and retina. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of GlyT1 inhibitor N [3-(4'-fluorophenyl)-3-(4'-phenylphenoxy) propyl] sarcosine (NFPS) in the rat model of experimental stroke.

Methods: In vivo ischaemia was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO).

BDNF promotes the axonal regrowth after sciatic nerve crush through intrinsic neuronal capability upregulation and distal portion protection.

Nowadays peripheral nerve injurie occurs more common, the outcome is often poor because of the ineffective treatment. Recent researches revealed the duration of BDNF administration acts a positive role during the nerve regeneration, but its potential mechanisms beneath the behavioral recovery and axonal regrowth after peripheral nerve injury are still controversial. To observe the potential mechanisms we established sciatic nerve injury model and detected the expression of several axonal regeneration and function related genes.

A Modified Approach to Inducing Bone Marrow Stromal Cells to Differentiate into Cells with Mature Schwann Cell Phenotypes.

Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) can be induced to differentiate into Schwann-like cells under classical induction conditions. However, cells derived from this method are unstable, exhibiting a low neurotrophin expression level after the induction conditions are removed. In Schwann cell (SC) culture, progesterone (PROG) enhances neurotrophic synthesis and myelination, specifically regulating the expression of the myelin protein zero (P0)- and peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22)-encoding genes by acting in concert or in synergy with insulin and glucocorticoids (GLUCs).

Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Expressing the Neurogenin-2 Promote Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury in Rat.

Neurogenin2 (Ngn2) is a proneural gene that directs neuronal differentiation of progenitor cells during development. This study aimed to investigate whether the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) over-expressing the Ngn2 transgene (Ngn2-ADSCs) could display the characteristics of neurogenic cells and improve functional recovery in an experimental rat model of SCI. ADSCs from rats were cultured and purified in vitro, followed by genetically modified with the Ngn2 gene.

Association of pituitary stalk management with endocrine outcomes and recurrence in microsurgery of craniopharyngiomas: A meta-analysis.

Objective: A craniopharyngioma (CP) is a benign tumor commonly considered to originate from the pituitary stalk. However, it is still controversial as to whether the pituitary stalk should be maintained after microsurgery to resect the tumor despite its own physiological function of the pituitary stalk. In this study, meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of the pituitary stalk resection on endocrine function and tumor recurrence rate.

Neurogenin 2 enhances the generation of patient-specific induced neuronal cells.

Direct lineage reprogramming of human fibroblasts into functional neurons holds great promise for biomedical applications such as regenerative medicine and cellbased disease modelling. However, clinical applications must consider how to increase neuronal conversion efficiency and at the same time reduce the number of required transcription factors. Here, we investigated whether Neurogenin 2 (Ngn2), which is a proneural gene that directs neuronal differentiation of progenitor cells during development, can enhance the generation of patient-specific induced neuronal cells.

MTHFD1 polymorphism as maternal risk for neural tube defects: a meta-analysis.

Recently, the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) G1958A polymorphism and neural tube defects (NTD) susceptibility has been widely investigated; however, the results remained inconclusive. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism on NTD. The relative literatures were identified by search of the electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE.

Decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery.

Early decompressive craniectomy (DC) has been shown to reduce mortality in malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction, whereas efficacy of DC on functional outcome is inconclusive. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to estimate the effects of DC on malignant MCA infarction and investigated whether age of patients and timing of surgery influenced the efficacy. We systematically searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science update to June 2014.