Detection and analysis of enzootic nasal tumor virus 2 in China.

Enzootic nasal tumor virus 2 (ENTV2), the etiologic agent of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA) in goats, is highly prevalent in China and causes significant economic losses to the goat industry. Here we describe the occurrence of ENA on a Dazu black goat farm in Chongqing City. At autopsy, nasal cavity masses were observed within the nose of an affected goat; histologically, the tumor was a nasal adenocarcinoma.

Laser-induced plasma imaging for quantitative analysis of intergranular corrosion susceptibility of aluminum alloys.

Magnesium plays an important role in the hardening mechanism of aluminum alloys, but sensitisation-induced intergranular corrosion cracking limits the widespread use of aluminum alloy in equipment. For on-site quantitative assessment of sensitisation in 5-series aluminum alloys, a laser-induced plasma imaging technique is proposed, which evaluates the degree of aluminum alloy sensitisation by obtaining images of the plasma formed by laser ablation of aluminum alloys, and then classifying and quantifying the images using a residual network. Compared to EMAT, XRD, ECT and LIBS techniques, the sample surface only needs to be polished, does not consume chemical reagents and is not affected by the shape and thickness of the workpiece, which provides higher quantitative accuracy, stability and detection efficiency.

Real-time monitoring of single-cell extracellular pH based on stretchable microelectrode array.

The study of cell mechanics was significant for understanding cellular physiological functions, the mechanisms of disease occurrence, and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. However, research on the mechanism of mechanical strain action at the single-cell level was relatively lacking. Herein, we developed a serpentine stretchable sensor array capable of exerting precise mechanical strain on cells and monitoring extracellular pH (pHe) changes at single cell level.

Association between phenotypic age and mortality risk in individuals with obesity: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This study investigates the association between phenotypic age acceleration (PAA) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in obese individuals.

Methods: Data were drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2018, including 9,925 obese adults (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m). PAA, defined as phenotypic age exceeding chronological age, was assessed using clinical biomarkers.

Re-examining cognitive load measures in real-world learning: Evidence from both subjective and neurophysiological data.

Background: Cognitive load theory is widely used in educational research and instructional design, which relies heavily on conceptual constructs and measurement instruments of cognitive load. Due to its implicit nature, cognitive load is usually measured by other related instruments, such as commonly-used self-report scales of mental effort or task difficulty. However, these concepts are different in nature, as they emphasize distinct perspectives on cognitive processing.

The characteristics of event-related potentials in generalized anxiety disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding event-related potentials (ERPs) abnormalities in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). This meta-analysis aimed to systematically review and synthesize the existing evidence on ERP alterations in individuals with GAD.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica Database, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Wanfang database, and China Biology Medicine (CBM) databases from inception to November 11, 2024.

Synergistic Doping Strategy with Novel Multi-Carbonyl Conductive Polymer Enables Stable Self-Powered Perovskite Photodetectors.

Lead halide perovskites hold immense promise for optoelectronic applications but still suffer from instability caused by defects. The defects are mainly generated from the film fabrication processes and halide ion migration during long-term storage. Here, a synergistic doping strategy is proposed to enhance the stability of perovskites.

Effectiveness and safety of semaglutide in overweight/obese adults with or without type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The objective of the study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of semaglutide in overweight or obese adults with or without type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: The study, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023450979), was designed as a systematic review and meta-analysis. Using a combination of subject matter and free words, a comprehensive search of Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials of semaglutide in overweight or obese adults with or without Type 2 diabetes mellitus from January 1, 2020, to July 14, 2023.

Tissue source may affect the esophageal flora in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

The aim of the present study was to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of standard sampling methods in the study of the esophageal microbiota in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by comparing the differences in bacterial communities between surgical and endoscopic esophageal mucosal tissues. A total of 72 patients with ESCC who were diagnosed at Taihe Hospital (Shiyan, China) between July 2018 and July 2019 were selected to participate in the present study. The sequence V hypervariable region was amplified, and Illumina HiSeq sequencing was performed to analyze the differences between the two groups.

Mining and influencing factors analysis of sacituzumab govitecan adverse drug event based on FAERS database.

Objective: Utilizing the FAERS database, this study aims to analyze the ADE signals of sacituzumab govitecan to provide references for clinical safety.

Methods: By searching the US FAERS database, we applied Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) and Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR) methods to analyze ADE reports for sacituzumab govitecan from Q2 2020 to Q4 2023, covering 15 quarters.

Results: The total number of reports with sacituzumab govitecan as the first suspicion was 2854.

Tmax >4 s volume predicts stroke recurrence in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis with optimal medical treatment.

Background: The time to maximum (Tmax) profile based on computed tomography perfusion (CTP) provides a quantitative assessment of cerebral hemodynamic compromise. We aimed to delineate the Tmax profile in stroke patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and to investigate its predictive role in stroke recurrence after optimal medical treatment.

Methods: Consecutive patients with ischemic stroke within 30 days attributed to 50%-99% ICAS were prospectively enrolled.

Quality problems in clinical practice guidelines and guideline appraisal studies: Should we tolerate or eradicate?

Background: Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument have been widely used by scholars around the world to assess the methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). We sought to identify items or domains that are commonly scored low in the assessment, and to systematically review the issues that emerged when evaluators used the AGREE II tool for guideline quality assessment.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify articles published in medically relevant databases from 2022 to 2023 regarding the use of the AGREE II tool for the assessment of CPGs.

Characteristic Activation Pattern and Network Connectivity of Prefrontal Cortex in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Major Depressive Disorder during a Verbal Fluency Task: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study Based on Network-Based Statistic Prediction.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and major depressive disorder (MDD) together occur frequently among the elderly population. However, the inconsistency in assessments and limited medical resources in the community make it challenging to identify depression in patients with T2DM. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the activation pattern and network connectivity of prefrontal cortex (PFC) during a verbal fluency task (VFT) in patients with T2DM and MDD using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Beneficial Effects of Ginger Root Extract on Pain Behaviors, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Function in the Colon and Different Brain Regions of Male and Female Neuropathic Rats: A Gut-Brain Axis Study.

Background: Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in the progression of neuropathic pain (NP) but can be mitigated by supplementation with gingerol-enriched ginger (GEG). However, the exact benefits of GEG for each sex in treating neuroinflammation and mitochondrial homeostasis in different brain regions and the colon remain to be determined.

Objective: Evaluate the effects of GEG on emotional/affective pain and spontaneous pain behaviors, neuroinflammation, as well as mitochondria homeostasis in the amygdala, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and colon of male and female rats in the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) NP model.

Network pharmacology integrated with pharmacological evaluation for investigating the mechanism of resveratrol in perimenopausal depression.

Perimenopause constitutes a pivotal transitional phase characterized by hormonal variability and heightens vulnerability to depressive episodes. This study seeks to elucidate the mechanism of resveratrol (RES) in perimenopausal depression through integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking analysis, and experimental validation. Screening yielded 83 RES-related disease targets, with IL10, CCL2, and SERPINE1 identified as core genes overexpressed in perimenopausal depression.

The influence of temperature and river runoff on phytoplankton community diversity in Beibu Gulf: insight from 18 S rDNA metabarcoding analysis.

Background: Sanniang Bay (SNB) and Dafeng River (DFR), located in the northern Beibu Gulf, is well-known as one of the eight habitats for humpback dolphins in China. This region is representative of typical estuarine and bay ecosystems and produce complex hydrodynamic seawater conditions. Moreover, anthropogenic pressure, such as eutrophication and large-scale infrastructure projects, have caused ongoing habitat deterioration and loss.

Deciphering the impact of cascade reservoirs on nitrogen transport and nitrate transformation: Insights from multiple isotope analysis and machine learning.

Construction of cascade reservoirs has altered nutrient dynamics and biogeochemical cycles, thereby influencing the composition and productivity of river ecosystems. The Lancang River (LCR), characterized by its cascade reservoir system, presents uncertainties in nitrogen transport and nitrate transformation mechanisms. Herein, we conducted monthly monitoring of hydrochemistry and multiple stable isotopes (δN-NO, δO-NO, δO-HO, δD-HO) throughout 2019 in both the natural river reach (NRR) and cascade reservoirs reach (CRR) of the LCR.

A Pilot Study: Treatment of High Alcohol Consumption in a Novel Minipig Model of Alcohol Use Disorder.

Three medications are FDA approved in the US for treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), and a few others are used off-label. Patient compliance and efficacy in the broader population are major hurdles for current AUD medications. As a consequence, there is an urgent need for improved pharmacotherapeutics to complement behavioral approaches.

Influence of spectral and molecular composition of dissolved organic matter on labile Cd mobility in riparian soils in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China.

The periodic anti-seasonal inundation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) leads to changes in the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in riparian soils, further impacting the geochemical processes and ecological risk of heavy metals. However, the intrinsic driving mechanisms of DOM influencing the cadmium (Cd), a major pollutant in riparian soils in TGR, at the molecular level remain unclear. In this study, the DOM molecular composition, labile Cd in riparian soils and the key driving mechanism before and after flooding were explored using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM).

Chemical signaling in biofilm-mediated biofouling.

Biofouling is the undesirable accumulation of living organisms and their metabolites on submerged surfaces. Biofouling begins with adhesion of biomacromolecules and/or microorganisms and can lead to the subsequent formation of biofilms that are predominantly regulated by chemical signals, such as cyclic dinucleotides and quorum-sensing molecules. Biofilms typically release chemical cues that recruit or repel other invertebrate larvae and algal spores.

Analysis of the therapeutic effect of pestle needle and EEG biofeedback and methylphenidate in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

This research aimed to analyze the therapeutic effect of the pestle needle combined with electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback and methylphenidate in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Seventy-eight children with ADHD were selected and randomized into a control group and an observation group ( = 39 each). The control group received EEG biofeedback and methylphenidate treatment, whereas the observation group received pestle needle therapy on this basis.

Clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus statements on rehabilitation for patients with COVID-19: a systematic review.

Objectives: To appraise the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and expert consensus statements on rehabilitation for patients with COVID-19, summarise recommendations of rehabilitation assessments and interventions and evaluate the heterogeneity of the recommendations.

Design: Systematic review.

Data Sources: PubMed and Embase databases and five online guideline repositories: The National Guideline Clearinghouse, Guidelines International Network, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and WHO were searched from their inception to August 2024.