Mitochondrial homeostasis regulation: A promising therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) or Lewy neurites (LNs) which consist of α-synuclein (α-syn) and a complex mix of other biomolecules. Mitochondrial dysfunction is widely believed to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of PD and other related neurodegenerative diseases. But mitochondrial dysfunction is subject to complex genetic regulation.

[Assessment of the local blood supply when femoral neck fracture occurs:advances in the anatomy research and its clinical application].

The stability of internal fixation of femoral neck fractures can be obtained through surgical techniques, the configuration of screws and bone grafting, etc. However, the blood supply injury caused by fractures could not be completely reversed by the current medical management. Hence, the comprehensive evaluation of the residual blood supply of the femoral neck, to perioperatively avoid further iatrogenic injury, has become a hotspot.

[Review of closed reduction techniques for femoral neck fracture].

For patients with femoral neck fractures who plan to undergo internal fixation, satisfied alignment of fracture ends is an important prerequisite for internal fixation stability and fracture healing. There are many reports on the reduction methods of displaced femoral neck fractures, which can be summarized into three categories:First, the solely longitudinal traction of lower limbs, supplemented by other manipulations such as rotation and compression; Second, the resultant force formed by the longitudinal traction of lower limbs and the lateral traction;the third is accomplished by vertical traction in the axis of femur with hip joint flexed. Each reduction method has its own advantages, but no single method can be applied to all fracture displacement.

Reoperation rate and implants' position variation features of displaced femoral neck fractures with sliding compression or length-stable fixation in young and middle-aged population.

Introduction: Sliding compression fixation and length-stable fixation are two basic internal fixation concepts in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures. In this study, we aimed to compare the reoperation rates for different methodologies of internal fixation for femoral neck fractures in young and middle-aged population.

Materials And Methods: This a retrospective study.

A quantitative study of bone defects in displaced femoral neck fractures based on virtual reduction techniques.

Background: Bone defects in femoral neck fractures are strongly associated with the prognosis after internal fixation. However, qualitative analysis of bone defects in femoral neck fractures has already been performed, quantitative studies have not been reported. In this study, we aimed to systematically analyse the morphological characteristics of bone defects in patients with femoral neck fractures using computed tomography (CT) images combined with computer image analysis techniques.

A retrospective cohort study on prevalence of postoperative complications in comminuted patellar fractures: comparisons among stabilized with Cannulated-Screw, Kirschner-Wire, or Ring-Pin Tension Bands.

Background: Displaced patellar fractures are commonly treated with open reduction and fixation with several different types of tension-band (TB) constructs. The main objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of postoperative complications after surgical stabilization of comminuted patellar fractures with either a modified Kirschner-wire tension band (MKTB), a cannulated-screw tension band (CSTB), or a ring-pin tension band (RPTB).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective and consecutive cohort study of comminuted patellar fractures (n = 334) stabilized using a TB construct.

Metformin Prevents Nonunion after Three-Cannulated-Screw Fixation in Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures: A Retrospective Study.

Patients aged from 40 to 60 with displaced fractures of the femoral neck (Garden III or IV) who received fixation with three cannulated screws from January 2005 to December 2012 were evaluated retrospectively for the development of nonunion. Plasma HbA1C, a marker for long-term plasma glucose level, anti-T2DM medication, and other potential risk factors were recorded for the purpose of this study. There were no differences between the union and nonunion groups with respect to age, gender, Garden classification, Pauwel's angle, reduction quality, and T2DM presence.

Intermittent internal fixation with a locking plate to preserve epiphyseal growth function during limb-salvage surgery in a child with osteosarcoma of the distal femur: a case report.

Limb shortening is a problem associated with surgery for osteosarcoma of the lower extremity in adolescents, as the tumors frequently occur near the epiphysis. Herein we report the use of a less invasive stabilization system (LISS) and an intermittent fixation method to preserve the growth function of epiphysis in an 11-year-old patient with an osteosarcoma of the distal femur.The 11-year-old male presented with left knee enlargement and pain for 2 weeks, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsy were consistent with osteosarcoma of the left distal femur.

Functional outcomes and quality of life in patients with osteosarcoma treated with amputation versus limb-salvage surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: To perform a meta-analysis for comparing the functional outcomes and quality of life (QOL) of osteosarcoma patients receiving amputation or limb-salvage surgeries.

Materials And Methods: A search was conducted of the Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar on September 30, 2013. Studies were included in the analysis if there were patients who underwent amputation and limb-salvage surgery for osteosarcoma or Ewing's sarcoma, and for whom postoperative functional outcomes and QOL were evaluated.

Silencing of Glucose Transporter Protein-1 by RNA Interference Inhibits Human Osteosarcoma Mg63 Cells Growth in vivo.

While knock-down of glucose transporter protein 1 (GLUT-1) inhibited various human cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo, including osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro, there has been no report on whether knock-down of GLUT-1 by siRNA may inhibit osteosarcoma cell growth in vivo. We hypothesized that siRNA may inhibit osteosarcoma cell growth in vivo. We introduced siRNA-GLUT-1 by lentivirus into MG63 osteosarcoma cells which were xenograted into nude mice.

Distally based perforator propeller sural flap for foot and ankle reconstruction: a modified flap dissection technique.

Background: Distally based perforator propeller sural flaps that pedicled on an isolated perforator from the peroneal artery or posterior tibial artery are a versatile local reconstructive option for defects of the foot and ankle region. However, flap venous congestion is yet a difficult problem after operation. We hypothesize that containing some adipofascial tissues around the axial perforator can preserve some tiny venous return routes, improve venous drainage, and ultimately enhance flap safety in distally based sural flaps.

Posterior coronal plating of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures through posteromedial and anterolateral approaches in a healthy floating supine position.

Bicondylar tibial plateau fractures pose a significant challenge for treating surgeons. If the articular surface of the medial plateau has a second split component in the posterior coronal plane, it is difficult to get direct visualization and ensure plate fixation when the patient is in the supine position. Using a technique in which a single preparation and draping of both legs is needed, patients were operated on using a healthy floating supine position maneuver through dual posteromedial and anterolateral incisions and triple plate fixations.

[Surgical treatment of flatfoot resulting from calcaneal fractures malunion].

Objective: To explore the operative approach and efficacy of flatfoot after calcaneal fractures malunion.

Methods: A total of 116 flatfoot patients after old calcaneal fractures were treated from January 1998 to January 2008. There were 94 males and 22 females with an average age of 33.

Inhibition of tumors cell growth in osteosarcoma-bearing SD rats through a combination of conventional and metronomic scheduling of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Aim: To investigate whether a combination of conventional and metronomic scheduling of chemotherapy could enhance and extend the effectiveness of chemotherapy against osteosarcoma.

Methods: A total of 110 osteosarcoma-bearing SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, three of which were given conventional, metronomic or combination scheduling of chemotherapy, and the remaining one served as a control. Tumor volumes were measured every week during the treatment period of 8 weeks.

[Surgical treatment of malunited or nonunited talus fractures].

Objective: To explore the operative methods of malunited or nonunited talus fractures.

Methods: Twenty-two patients of malunions or nonunions after displaced talar fractures were treated from January 2000 to January 2008. There were 17 males and 5 females with an average age of 34 years (ranged from 15 to 52 years).

Alpha-myosin heavy chain: a sarcomeric gene associated with dilated and hypertrophic phenotypes of cardiomyopathy.

Background: Mutations in the beta-myosin heavy-chain (betaMyHC) gene cause hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated (DCM) forms of cardiomyopathy. In failing human hearts, downregulation of alphaMyHC mRNA or protein has been correlated with systolic dysfunction. We hypothesized that mutations in alphaMyHC could also lead to pleiotropic cardiac phenotypes, including HCM and DCM.