A Glutamate Receptor-Like Gene AtGLR25 With Its Unusual Splice Variant Has a Role in Mediating Glutamate-Elicited Changes in Arabidopsis Root Architecture.

The occurrence of external L-glutamate at the Arabidopsis root tip triggers major changes in root architecture, but the mechanism of -L-Glu sensing is unknown. Members of the family of GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE (GLR) proteins are known to act as amino acid-gated Ca-permeable channels and to have signalling roles in diverse plant processes. To investigate the possible role of GLRs in the root architectural response to L-Glu, we screened a collection of mutants with T-DNA insertions in each of the 20 AtGLR genes.

DDIT4 promotes erythroid differentiation and coordinates with SIPA1 to regulate erythroid proliferation in bone marrow of high altitude erythrocytosis.

Erythrocytosis moderately enhances the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and is considered a characteristic response of individuals adapting from low-altitude regions to high-altitude regions. Nevertheless, erythrocytosis can also turn excessive and result in maladaptive syndromes, such as high altitude polycythemia (HAPC). The increased differentiation or proliferation of erythroid cells in the bone marrow may be a crucial factor leading to accumulation of peripheral erythroid cells.

Effects of schisandrin B on hypoxia-related cognitive function and protein expression in vascular dementia rats.

Vascular dementia (VD) a heterogenous group of brain disorders in which cognitive impairment is attributable to vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular disease. A common phenomenon in VD is a dysfunctional cerebral regulatory mechanism associated with insufficient cerebral blood flow, ischemia and hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions oxygen supply to the brain results in neuronal death leading to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's (AD) and VD.

Mechanisms underlying LncRNA SNHG1 regulation of Alzheimer's disease involve DNA methylation.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with long non-coding RNAs and DNA methylation; however, the mechanisms underlying the role of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (lncRNA SNHG1) and subsequent involvement of DNA methylation in AD development are not known. The aim of this study was to examine the regulatory mechanisms attributed to lncRNA SNHG1 gene utilizing 2 strains of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model of AD and compared to senescence-accelerated mouse resistant (SAMR) considered a control. Both strains of the mouse were transfected with either blank virus, psLenti-U6-SNHG1(low gene expression) virus, and psLenti-pA-SNHG1(gene overexpression) virus via a single injection into the brains for 2 weeks.

Association between maternal gestational diabetes and allergic diseases in offspring: a birth cohort study.

Background: Previous studies have linked gestational diabetes (GDM) with allergies in offspring. However, the effect of specific glucose metabolism metrics was not well characterized, and the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), a modifier of metabolism and the immune system, was understudied. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal GDM and allergic diseases in children and the interaction between glucose metabolism and PUFAs on allergic outcomes.

Tank-mixing adjuvants enhanced the efficacy of fludioxonil on cucumber anthracnose by ameliorating the penetration ability of active ingredients on target interface.

In this study, pot and field experiments showed that S903, Hasten and Gemini-31511 can significantly enhanced the control efficacy of fludioxonil on cucumber anthracnose. Then by studying the deposition and penetration interaction between active ingredients and cucumber leaves to revealed how the adjuvants influence the interaction process between pesticide active ingredients and target plants to improve the control efficacy. By analysis the effect of fludioxonil deposition to synergism of adjuvants, indicated that fludioxonil active ingredient deposition caused by adjuvants was not the main factor for the adjuvants synergistic effect.

Temperature adaptations of the thermophilic snail : insights from metabolomic analysis.

The periwinkle snail , for which the upper lethal temperature is near 55°C, is one of the most heat-tolerant eukaryotes known. We conducted a multi-level investigation - including cardiac physiology, enzyme activity, and targeted and untargeted metabolomic analyses - that elucidated a spectrum of adaptations to extreme heat in this organism. All systems examined showed heat intensity-dependent responses.

Living on the upper intertidal mudflat: Different behavioral and physiological responses to high temperature between two sympatric cerithidea snails with divergent habitat-use strategies.

Temperature plays a major role in controlling species' distributions, and small-scale variation in the thermal environment are potentially an important factor that governs distributions on a local scale. For untangling the roles of behavioral and physiological adaptations on species' distribution at a small-scale level, we carried out a comparative study of two mudflat snails (genus Cerithidea) by determining these congeners' burying behavior, lethal temperature, cardiac performance and heat-shock protein (hsp70) gene expression. These two sympatric snails occupy different microhabitats on the upper intertidal mudflat.

Fungicide Formulations Influence Their Control Efficacy by Mediating Physicochemical Properties of Spray Dilutions and Their Interaction with Target Leaves.

In this study, three types of pyraclostrobin formulations (including emulsifiable concentrate (EC), suspension concentrate (SC), and microcapsules (MCs)) were used to control cucumber anthracnose. Pyraclostrobin EC had the highest inhibitory activity against in vitro. Much different from the bioactivity in vitro, pyraclostrobin MCs exhibited the highest control efficacy on cucumber anthracnose both in pot and field experiments.

[Effects of notoginseng and ginkgo leaf tablets on cardiac function and serum inflammatory factors in hypoxia deacclimatized rats and its mechanism].

Objective: To study the effects of notoginseng, gingko leaf and rhodiola on cardiac functions and the serum inflammatory factors interleukin-6,interleukin-10, and TNF-α of rats with hypoxia deacclimatization, to explore the mechanism of hypoxia detoxification.

Methods: Forty SD rats were randomly divided into notoginseng group(n=10), gingko leaf group(n=10), rhodiola group(n=10) and high altitude control group(n=10) after fed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber(simulated altitude of 5 000 m) for 3 month, while 10 rats fed at normal pressure and oxygen environment for 3 month were used as the plain control group. Rats in notoginseng group, gingko leaf group and rhodiola group were treated with notoginseng, gingko leaf tablets or rhodiola suspension through intragastric administration (200 mg/kg,twice a day, for 10 days).

Alcohol ethoxylates significantly synergize pesticides than alkylphenol ethoxylates considering bioactivity against three pests and joint toxicity to Daphnia magna.

Seeking alternatives for alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) have been a heavily researched topic in the surfactant industry and agricultural systems. In this study, the combined effects of different ethoxylates and pesticides on the bioactivity against three pests and toxicological risks to Daphnia magna were investigated. Results showed that alcohol ethoxylates (AEOs) had higher synergistic effects on the bioactivity of pesticides against Spodoptera exigua, Agrotis ipsilon and Aphis citricola than did APEOs.

Clinical trials, progression-speed differentiating features and swiftness rule of the innovative targets of first-in-class drugs.

Drugs produce their therapeutic effects by modulating specific targets, and there are 89 innovative targets of first-in-class drugs approved in 2004-17, each with information about drug clinical trial dated back to 1984. Analysis of the clinical trial timelines of these targets may reveal the trial-speed differentiating features for facilitating target assessment. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of all these 89 targets, following the earlier studies for prospective prediction of clinical success of the targets of clinical trial drugs.

Selection of organosilicone surfactants for tank-mixed pesticides considering the balance between synergistic effects on pests and environmental risks.

In this study, the bioactivities of binary mixtures of organosilicone surfactants and indoxacarb against two Lepidopteran pests were investigated along with their environmental risks. All of the tested organosilicone surfactants had obvious synergistic effects on the contact toxicity of indoxacarb against Spodoptera exigua and Agrotis ipsilon. However, all of the organosilicone surfactants exhibited certain antagonism for indoxacarb against S.

Determining the Balance Between Drug Efficacy and Safety by the Network and Biological System Profile of Its Therapeutic Target.

One of the most challenging puzzles in drug discovery is the identification and characterization of candidate drug of well-balanced profile between efficacy and safety. So far, extensive efforts have been made to evaluate this balance by estimating the quantitative structure-therapeutic relationship and exploring target profile of adverse drug reaction. Particularly, the therapeutic index (TI) has emerged as a key indicator illustrating this delicate balance, and a clinically successful agent requires a sufficient TI suitable for it corresponding indication.

Simulation of Unidirectional Ion Ejection in an Asymmetric Half-Round Rod Electrode Linear Ion Trap Mass Analyzer.

An asymmetric trapping field was generated from an asymmetric half-round rod electrode linear ion trap (A-HreLIT), and its performance of unidirectional ion ejection was studied. Two different asymmetric structures of A-HreLITs were constructed, one rotating y electrode pairs toward an x electrode with an angle θ, and the other stretching one x electrode with a distance α. The center of trapping field was displaced away from the geometrical center of the ion trap, defined to be the midpoint along the axis of y between x electrodes, which leads to unidirectional ion ejection through one x electrode.

Assessing the Performances of Protein Function Prediction Algorithms from the Perspectives of Identification Accuracy and False Discovery Rate.

The function of a protein is of great interest in the cutting-edge research of biological mechanisms, disease development and drug/target discovery. Besides experimental explorations, a variety of computational methods have been designed to predict protein function. Among these in silico methods, the prediction of BLAST is based on protein sequence similarity, while that of machine learning is also based on the sequence, but without the consideration of their similarity.

Clinical Success of Drug Targets Prospectively Predicted by In Silico Study.

The selection of the right drug targets is critically important for the successful and cost-effective development and clinical testing of drugs. A 2009 paper reported an in silico prospective prediction of the clinical potential of 156 targets of clinical trial drugs (all of these targets were without an approved drug at the time of the paper's publication). Eight years later, the assessment of the clinical status of these targets revealed impressive capability of the in silico method in prospectively predicting the clinical success of drug targets.

Therapeutic target database update 2018: enriched resource for facilitating bench-to-clinic research of targeted therapeutics.

Extensive efforts have been directed at the discovery, investigation and clinical monitoring of targeted therapeutics. These efforts may be facilitated by the convenient access of the genetic, proteomic, interactive and other aspects of the therapeutic targets. Here, we describe an update of the Therapeutic target database (TTD) previously featured in NAR.

Untangling the roles of microclimate, behaviour and physiological polymorphism in governing vulnerability of intertidal snails to heat stress.

Biogeographic distributions are driven by cumulative effects of smaller scale processes. Thus, vulnerability of animals to thermal stress is the result of physiological sensitivities to body temperature (), microclimatic conditions, and behavioural thermoregulation. To understand interactions among these variables, we analysed the thermal tolerances of three species of intertidal snails from different latitudes along the Chinese coast, and estimated potential in different microhabitats at each site.

The Human Kinome Targeted by FDA Approved Multi-Target Drugs and Combination Products: A Comparative Study from the Drug-Target Interaction Network Perspective.

The human kinome is one of the most productive classes of drug target, and there is emerging necessity for treating complex diseases by means of polypharmacology (multi-target drugs and combination products). However, the advantages of the multi-target drugs and the combination products are still under debate. A comparative analysis between FDA approved multi-target drugs and combination products, targeting the human kinome, was conducted by mapping targets onto the phylogenetic tree of the human kinome.

[Genome-wide identification, phylogenetic analysis and expression profiling of the WOX family genes in Solanum lycopersicum].

Members of the plant-specific WOX transcription factor family have been reported to play important roles in cell to cell communication as well as other physiological and developmental processes. In this study, ten members of the WOX transcription factor family were identified in Solanum lycopersicum with HMMER. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree, maximum-likelihood tree and Bayesian-inference tree were constructed and similar topologies were shown using the protein sequences of the homeodomain.