Publications by authors named "Xiao-su Zhao"
Article Synopsis
- The study examined risk factors for measurable residual disease (MRD) positivity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) in 478 AML patients, finding that MRD positivity increased over time (4.6% at 100 days, 12.1% at 360 days, 18.3% at 3 years).
- Positive pre-transplant MRD status and active disease before transplant were significant risk factors for MRD positivity at both 360 days and 3 years, while European LeukemiaNet (ELN) risk stratification also played a role.
- A scoring system was developed based on these factors, showing higher scores were linked to increased risk of MRD positivity, leukemia relapse, and poorer survival outcomes
Article Synopsis
- - The study focused on analyzing changes in lysine-specific methyltransferase 2A partial tandem duplications (-PTD) in AML patients before and after receiving haploidentical donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HID HSCT).
- - Among 64 AML patients, those with pre-HSCT -PTD levels ≥1% experienced a slower decrease in -PTD levels post-transplant and had a significantly higher risk of relapse at 2 years compared to those with levels <1%.
- - Pre-transplant -PTD levels ≥1% were identified as an independent risk factor for relapse, highlighting its potential as a predictive marker for patient outcomes following HID HSCT.
Patients with steroid-resistant or relapsed immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) suffer increased bleeding risk and impaired quality of life. Baricitinib, an oral Janus-associated kinases (JAK) inhibitor, could alleviate both innate and adaptive immune disorders without inducing thrombocytopenia in several autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial (NCT05446831) was initiated to explore the safety and efficacy of baricitinib in ITP.
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- There's a pressing need for a safe and effective oral treatment for high-risk Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- In a study of 60 high-risk APL patients, those receiving oral etoposide (VP16) along with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and oral arsenic (RIF) achieved identical remission rates compared to those using intravenous chemotherapy.
- The results showed that the completely oral treatment regimen is not only convenient but also maintains high rates of complete hematological remission and overall survival, making it a promising option for these patients.
Article Synopsis
- TET2 mutations are common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but their impact on patient prognosis, especially within different risk groups, is still not clearly defined.
- A study analyzing data from 502 AML patients found that 76 had TET2 mutations, which were associated with worse overall survival, particularly in intermediate-risk patients.
- The research also identified over a thousand differentially expressed genes linked to TET2 mutations, highlighting their relevance in potential therapeutic pathways, particularly in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
Article Synopsis
- The study identifies Zinc finger protein 384 (ZNF384) rearrangement as a new subtype of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and emphasizes its role in measuring treatment effectiveness.
- ZNF384 fusion transcript levels showed that a reduction of ≥2.5-log after treatment linked to better relapse-free and overall survival rates, particularly after the first two consolidation courses.
- Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) significantly benefits patients with less reduction in ZNF384 levels, while it offers no substantial advantage to those with higher reductions, indicating the potential of ZNF384 levels to guide treatment decisions.
This study investigates the influence of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) levels on primary poor graft function (PGF) and graft rejection (GR) after haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT) with rituximab desensitization. A total of 155 DSA-positive haplo-SCT candidates with mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) between 2000 and 10,000 were enrolled in this prospective clinical trial. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves determined the optimal DSA MFI cutoff for identifying high-risk patients.
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- Donor-specific antibodies (DSA) can cause problems after organ transplants, making it harder for the body to accept the new organ or cells.
- Scientists studied how T-follicular helper (Tfh) cells can help B cells make these harmful antibodies and found that the amounts of certain Tfh cells were linked to more DSA production in transplant patients.
- By using a mix of drugs called sirolimus and rituximab, researchers discovered a new way to reduce DSA and help patients' bodies accept transplants better.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common hematopoietic malignancies, and chemotherapy resistance is one of the main causes of relapse. Because of lower survival rate for patients with relapse, it is pivotal to identify etiological factors responsible for chemo-resistance. In this work, direct MeRIP-seq analysis of sequential samples at stage of complete remission (CR) and relapse identifies that dysregulated N6-methyladenosine (mA) methylation is involved in this progression, and hypomethylated RNAs are related to cell differentiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantification of measurable residual disease (MRD) correlates with the risk of leukemia recurrence in adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, it remains unknown whether collecting data on cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 (CSRP2) transcript levels, after completing the second course of consolidation, improves prognosis prediction accuracy. A total of 204 subjects with B-cell ALL were tested for CSPR2 transcripts after completing the second course of consolidation using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and divided into high (N = 32) and low (N = 172) CSRP2 expression cohorts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: AML patients with KMT2A-MLLT3 and other 11q23 abnormalities belong to the intermediate and high-risk level groups, respectively. Whether the poor prognostic value of Ecotropic Viral Integration site-1 (EVI1) overexpression suits either the subtypes of KMT2A-MLLT3 or Non-KMT2A-MLLT3 AML patients (intermediate and high risk group) needs to be further investigated.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 166 KMT2A-r and KMT2A-PTD AML patients.
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are evolutionarily conserved innate-like T cells capable of recognizing bacterial and fungal ligands derived from vitamin B biosynthesis. Under different stimulation conditions, MAIT cells can display different immune effector phenotypes, exerting immune regulation and anti-/protumor responses. Based on basic biological characteristics, including the enrichment of mucosal tissue, the secretion of mucosal repair protective factors (interleukin-17, ), and the activation of riboflavin metabolites by intestinal flora, MAIT cells may play an important role in the immune regulation effect of mucosal lesions or inflammation.
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- The study investigates how genetic variations (polymorphisms) in the CSF3R gene of stem cell donors impact the outcomes of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with blood disorders.
- Researchers analyzed data from 273 patients and found that donors with specific CSF3R genotypes (rs3917980 G/G or A/G) resulted in better survival rates after transplantation compared to those with other genotypes.
- The study highlights that the csf3R gene's polymorphisms can serve as important predictors for patient outcomes post-transplant, with particular genotypes indicating a higher risk of complications and lower survival chances.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the role of anti-HLA antibodies in transplantation, especially in cases involving HLA-mismatched or haploidentical stem cell transplants and platelet refractoriness.
- A total of 3,805 patients were analyzed for the prevalence of these antibodies using various mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) cut-off values, finding significant prevalence rates ranging from 4.6% to 20.2%.
- Key risk factors identified for the presence of anti-HLA antibodies include pregnancy and platelet transfusion, suggesting their consideration is essential for donor selection and evaluating transplant candidates.
NKG2C+ natural killer (NK) cell plays a vital role in CMV infection control after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, the modulation on NKG2C+ NK cell reconstitution is still unclear. NK cell education is affected by the interactions of HLA-I/killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) are two major complications that contribute to a poor prognosis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Superior early immune reconstitution (IR) is associated with improved survival after HSCT. However, when all three factors, CMV infection, aGVHD, and IR, are concomitantly considered, the effects of the triple events on HSCT are still unknown and should be studied further.
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- A study analyzed the impact of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) on adult patients with inv (16) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), emphasizing the roles of KIT and FLT3-ITD mutations and minimal residual disease (MRD) levels in predicting outcomes.
- Among 157 patients, those with KIT mutations had a significantly higher risk of relapse compared to those without, while FLT3-ITD mutations also suggested an elevated risk.
- The research categorized patients into high-risk, low-risk, and intermediate-risk groups based on mutation and MRD status, finding that allo-HSCT notably improved outcomes, particularly for the high-risk group, while it was less effective
Article Synopsis
- Adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients with complex karyotype (CK) often face poor outcomes, especially when TP53 mutations are present, impacting factors like remission rates and overall survival.
- A study involving 73 CK-AML patients and additional validation cases found that TP53 mutations significantly worsen prognosis, while other factors like monosomal karyotype (MK) and abnormal chromosome 17 (abn(17p)) have lesser impacts.
- The findings suggest that TP53 mutations are a crucial and independent marker for predicting adverse outcomes in CK-AML patients, indicating varying risks among these patients.
Background: Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a severe complication after haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) and has a poor prognosis. It has been shown that genetic polymorphism may be one possible reason for the increased risk of IFD. This study aimed to assess the role of genetic polymorphism in the level of susceptibility to IFD after haplo-HSCT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFor allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients, preemptive interferon-α (IFN-α) therapy is considered as a useful method to eliminate the minimal residual disease (MRD). Our purpose is to assess the long-term efficacy of preemptive IFN-α therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients following allo-HSCT based on two registry studies (#NCT02185261 and #NCT02027064). We would present the final data and unpublished results of long-term clinical outcomes with extended follow-up.
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- The study explores the effectiveness of preemptive interferon (IFN)-α therapy versus donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in reducing minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).
- It includes high-risk AML patients who are MRD positive post-transplant and categorizes them based on the levels of MRD reduction, analyzing how treatment outcomes differ based on these levels.
- Results indicate that IFN-α therapy leads to higher rates of MRD negativity and better overall survival probabilities in patients with low and intermediate MRD levels compared to DLI, while survival
Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring through Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) gene expression and multicolor flow cytometry (FCM) in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).
Methods: For this purpose, WT1 gene expression and the CMML-related abnormal immunophenotype were examined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and FCM, respectively.
Results: In total, 59 patients with CMML who underwent allo-HSCT were enrolled in this study.
CMV infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Several investigators have reported that adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells persistently expand during CMV reactivation. In our study, 2 cohorts were enrolled to explore the relationships among the NKG2C genotype, NKG2C+ NK cell reconstitution, and CMV infection.
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