Neural network mapping of gelastic behavior in children with hypothalamus hamartoma.

Background: Hypothalamus hamartomas (HHs) are rare, congenital, tumor-like, and nonprogressive malformations resulting in drug-resistant epilepsy, mainly affecting children. Gelastic seizures (GS) are an early hallmark of epilepsy with HH. The aim of this study was to explore the disease progression and the underlying physiopathological mechanisms of pathological laughter in HH.

Long-term seizure outcome with the surgically remediable syndrome of frontal lobe epilepsy associated with superior frontal sulcus-related dysplasia.

Objective: To assess the long-term outcome of the surgically remediable syndrome of frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) associated with superior frontal sulcus (SFS)-related dysplasia.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts and surgical features of 31 patients with drug-resistant frontal lobe epilepsy in our centers between 2016 and 2018. All patients underwent surgical resection.

Voxel-Based Morphometric MRI Postprocessing-Assisted Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Focal Cortical Dysplasia-Suspected Lesions: Technique and Outcomes.

Background: MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) is a novel treatment modality for focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). However, identifying the location and extent of subtle FCD by visual analysis during MRgLITT remains challenging.

Objective: To introduce voxel-based morphometric MRI postprocessing into the procedure of MRgLITT for FCD-suspected lesions and assess the complementary value of the MRI postprocessing technique for the trajectory design and thermal parameter setting of MRgLITT.

The localization and lateralization of fear aura and its surgical prognostic value in patients with focal epilepsy.

Objective: Fear aura has traditionally been considered relevant to epileptic discharges from mesial temporal areas, and few studies have investigated its effect on surgical outcome in drug-resistant epilepsy. We aim to assess the localizing and lateralizing value as well as prognostic significance of fear aura in patients with focal epilepsy.

Methods: The occurrence of fear aura in relation to epileptogenic origin and its association with postoperative outcome were analyzed in 146 consecutive patients undergoing resective surgery for intractable epilepsy.

Interictal pattern on scalp electroencephalogram predicts excellent surgical outcome of epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia.

Objective: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) represents an essential cause of drug-resistant epilepsy with surgery as an effective treatment option. This study aimed to identify the important predictors of favorable surgical outcomes and the impact of the interictal scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns in predicting postsurgical seizure outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 210 consecutive patients between 2015 and 2019.

Recognition of seizure semiology and semiquantitative FDG-PET analysis of anti-LGI1 encephalitis.

Aims: Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is characterized by complex manifestations of seizures. Here, we report a new seizure semiology, attempt to classify the disease by semiology type, and explore the metabolic pattern of each group.

Methods: Anti-LGI1 AE patients were retrospectively screened between May 2014 and September 2019 in our tertiary epilepsy center.

Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Prognosis of Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis: A Single-Center Cohort Study in Beijing, China.

This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) encephalitis patients and investigate prognostic factors by using a large-sample and long-term follow-up cohort. The clinical data of 45 patients (29 males; mean age, 57.0 years) from May 2014 to August 2019 were collected.

Neural networks underlying hyperkinetic seizures: A quantitative PET and SEEG study.

Objective: Hyperkinetic seizures (HKS) are characterized by complex movements that commonly occur during seizures arising from diverse cortical structures. A common semiology network may exist and analyzing the anatomo-electrical mechanisms would facilitate presurgical evaluation. Here, quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) and stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) analysis was used to explore the underlying mechanism of HKS.

The electroclinical features and surgical outcomes of inferior perisylvian epilepsy.

Objective: To summarize the clinical and electrophysiological observations of epilepsy originating from the inferior perisylvian cortex, and analyze the potential epileptic networks underlying the semiological manifestations.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with refractory inferior perisylvian epilepsy (IPE) who had undergone resective surgery, and then reviewed the demographic, clinical, neuroelectrophysiological, neuroimaging, surgical, histopathological, and follow-up data of the patients from the respective medical records. The selected patients were then categorized in accordance with the results of semiological analysis.

Stereoelectroencephalography-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation for hypothalamic hamartoma: Electroclinical patterns and the relationship with surgical prognosis.

Background: Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) guided by stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) has been proved to be a safe method to reduce seizure frequency in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. However, there are few reports addressing the value and safety of this procedure in hypothalamic hamartoma (HH).

Objective: To present the results of our experience using SEEG-guided RFTC in HH patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, and identify outcome predictors.

The Rolandic operculum generates different semiologies in insulo-opercular and temporal lobe epilepsies.

Purpose: The role of the Rolandic operculum in in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is to produce oroalimentary automatisms (OAAs). In insulo-opercular epilepsy (IOE), the Rolandic operculum may produce perioral muscle clonic or tonic movements or contractions. This paper aims to confirm the symptomatogenic zone of facial symptoms in IOE and to explain this phenomenon.

Epileptogenic network of focal epilepsies mapped with cortico-cortical evoked potentials.

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the spatial extent and functional organization of the epileptogenic network through cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) in patients being evaluated with intracranial stereoelectroencephalography.

Methods: We retrospectively included 25 patients. We divided the recorded sites into three regions: epileptogenic zone (EZ); propagation zone (PZ); and noninvolved zone (NIZ).

Network of ictal head version in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: Ictal head version is a common clinical manifestation of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Nevertheless, the location of the symptomatogenic zone and the network involved in head version remains unclear. We attempt to explain these problems by analyzing interictal FDG-PET imaging and ictal stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) recordings in MTLE patients.

Orbitofrontal epilepsy: distinct neuronal networks underlying electroclinical subtypes and surgical outcomes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical and electrophysiological findings of epilepsy originating from the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as well as its surgical outcomes.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed 27 consecutive cases of patients with drug-resistant orbitofrontal epilepsy (OFE) who underwent tailored resective surgery after a detailed presurgical workup. Demographic features, seizure semiology, imaging characteristics, resection site, pathological results, and surgical outcomes were analyzed.

Sulcus-centered resection for focal cortical dysplasia type II: surgical techniques and outcomes.

Focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCD II) is a common histopathological substrate of epilepsy surgery. Here, the authors propose a sulcus-centered resection strategy for this malformation, provide technical details, and assess the efficacy and safety of this technique. The main purpose of the sulcus-centered resection is to remove the folded gray matter surrounding a dysplastic sulcus, particularly that at the bottom of the sulcus.

The lncRNA H19 binding to let-7b promotes hippocampal glial cell activation and epileptic seizures by targeting Stat3 in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objectives: Glial cell activation contributes to the inflammatory response and occurrence of epilepsy. Our preliminary study demonstrated that the long non-coding RNA, H19, promotes hippocampal glial cell activation during epileptogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear.

Acute symptomatic seizures secondary to autoimmune encephalitis and autoimmune-associated epilepsy: Conceptual definitions.

Seizures are a well-recognized and often prominent manifestation of autoimmune encephalitic syndromes. Progress in detection of pathogenic neural autoantibodies has led to increased awareness of autoimmune causes of seizures. Clinical studies of patients with these autoantibodies have improved our understanding of the seizure characteristics, treatments, and seizure prognosis in these disorders.

Clinical and genetic characteristics of type I sialidosis patients in mainland China.

Objective: Type I sialidosis (ST-1) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder. To date, there has been no study on ST-1 patients in mainland China.

Methods: We reported in detail the cases of five Chinese ST-1 patients from two centers, and summarized all worldwide cases.

Intravenous methylprednisolone or immunoglobulin for anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 antibody autoimmune encephalitis: which is better?

Background: Patients positive for anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibodies have attracted increasing attention. Their clinical manifestations are highly heterogeneous and can be comorbid with tumors. Currently, there is no consensus on the therapeutic regimen for anti-GAD65-associated neurological diseases due to the clinical complexity, rarity and sporadic distribution.

Superior Frontal Sulcus Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type II: An MRI, PET, and Quantified SEEG Study.

The superior frontal sulcus (SFS), located in the prefrontal and premotor cortex, is considered as one of the common locations of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). However, the characteristics of seizures arising from this area are incompletely known. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features and the epileptic networks of seizures originating from the SFS.

Focal cortical dysplasia II-related seizures originate from the bottom of the dysplastic sulcus: A stereoelectroencephalography study.

Objectives: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) II is a frequently observed histopathological substrate in epilepsy surgery. In the present study, we explored the spatial distribution of epileptogenic activities across FCD II lesions using stereoelectroencephalography.

Methods: Patients with histopathologically confirmed type II FCDs and who had at least one depth electrode that go through the wall of the dysplastic sulcus from the surface to the bottom were included.

Semi-quantitative FDG-PET Analysis Increases the Sensitivity Compared With Visual Analysis in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential diagnostic benefit of SPM-based semi-quantitative FDG-PET analysis in autoimmune encephalitis (AE) compared with visual analysis by experienced neuroradiologists using a larger sample size. This observational retrospective case series study was conducted from a tertiary epilepsy center between May 2014 and March 2017. Healthy individuals without any neurologic or psychiatric diseases were recruited as control.

Symptomatogenic zone and network of oroalimentary automatisms in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: Oroalimentary automatisms (OAAs) are common clinical manifestations of medial temporal lobe epilepsy. Nevertheless, the location of the symptomatogenic zone of OAAs remains unclear. The generation mechanism of OAAs also has not been clarified.

Use of an Automated Quantitative Analysis of Hippocampal Volume, Signal, and Glucose Metabolism to Detect Hippocampal Sclerosis.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) with F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) are valuable tools for evaluating hippocampal sclerosis (HS); however, bias may arise during visual analyses. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare MRI and PET post-processing techniques, automated quantitative hippocampal volume (Q-volume), and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) signal (Q-FLAIR) and glucose metabolism (Q-PET) analyses in patients with HS. We collected MRI and FDG-PET images from 54 patients with HS and 22 healthy controls and independently performed conventional visual analyses (CVA) of PET (CVA-PET) and MRI (CVA-MRI) images.