[Clinical observation of prophylactic lactulose for prevention of oral morphine-induced constipation].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different doses of lactulose on preventing oral morphine-induced constipation.

Methods: From January 2011 to May 2012, a total of 112 patients received oral lactulose solution to prevent morphine-induced constipation at our hospital and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The doses of morphine were adjusted according to the pain scores and lactulose was taken simultaneously.

[Study on factors affecting the quality of life to cancer patients at the community level in Shanghai].

Objective: A survey on cancer patients at the community level in Shanghai was performed, in order to study the factors affecting the quality of life (QOL) on them.

Methods: To evaluate the QOL of cancer patients, self-administered Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) questionnaire and personal interview methods were used. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software (SPSS,Chicago, IL), including one-way ANOVA and linear regression methods.

[Cryosurgical ablation for 23 cases of prostate cancer guided by rectal ultrasound].

Objective: To detect the short-term clinical and side effects of cryosurgical ablation for prostate cancer.

Methods: The ENDOCAm cryosurgical system with 2 mm Cryo-probes was used to treat the prostate cancer guided by rectal ultrasonic. 1.