[Reliability and validity of DSSI-23 scale in a rural elderly population].

Objective: To determine the reliability and validity of the Duke Social Support Index (DSSI)-23 scale in a rural elderly population.

Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling strategy was adopted to select 702 rural participants aged 60 years or over in Guangyuan. Those with severe hearing disorders or mental problems were excluded.

Glycyrrhetinic acid extracted from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. induces the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 in Ana-1 murine macrophages.

Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is an active component of licorice root that has long been used as a herbal medicine for the treatment of peptic ulcer, hepatitis, and pulmonary and skin diseases in Asia and Europe. In this study, we analyzed the effect of GA extracted from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. on the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that play key roles in regulating the innate immune response against invading pathogens.