Interleukin-33/serum stimulation-2 pathway: Regulatory mechanisms and emerging implications in immune and inflammatory diseases.

Interleukin (IL)- 33, a nuclear factor and pleiotropic cytokine of the IL-1 family, is gaining attention owing to its important role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review extends our knowledge of the effects exerted by IL-33 on target cells by binding to its specific receptor serum stimulation-2 (ST2). Depending on the tissue context, IL-33 performs multiple functions encompassing host defence, immune response, initiation and amplification of inflammation, tissue repair, and homeostasis.

The incremental value of CCTA-derived myocardial radiomics signature for ischemia diagnosis with reference to CT myocardial perfusion imaging.

Objectives: To explore the incremental value of myocardial radiomics signature derived from static coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for identifying myocardial ischemia based on stress dynamic CT myocardial perfusion imaging (CT-MPI).

Methods: Patients who underwent CT-MPI and CCTA were retrospectively enrolled from two independent institutions, one used as training and the other as testing. Based on CT-MPI, coronary artery supplying area with relative myocardial blood flow (rMBF) value <0.

Synthesis of γ-FeO/La/BiWO composites for enhanced visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride.

γ-FeO/La/BiWO heterojunction composites have been successfully synthesized by simple and convenient hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared samples was evaluated by the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) solution under simulated visible light irradiation. The results indicated that the removal rate of γ-FeO/La/BiWO samples was higher than that of pure BiWO and La/BiWO, among which 5%γ-FeO/La/BiWO had the highest photocatalytic activity.

Occurrence and morphology of ventricular arrhythmias in apparently normal hearts in relation to late gadolinium enhancement on cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for evaluating myocardial fibrosis. Few studies have explored the association between ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and fibrosis in apparently normal hearts. We aimed to investigate the association between the occurrence and morphology of VAs and left ventricular late gadolinium enhancement (LV-LGE) in patients without known structural heart diseases.

Sestrin2 protects against lethal sepsis by suppressing the pyroptosis of dendritic cells.

Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sestrin2 (SESN2), a highly evolutionarily conserved protein, is critically involved in the cellular response to various stresses and has been confirmed to maintain the homeostasis of the internal environment. However, the potential effects of SESN2 in regulating dendritic cells (DCs) pyroptosis in the context of sepsis and the related mechanisms are poorly characterized.

Impact of diabetic hyperglycaemia and insulin therapy on autophagy and impairment in rat epididymis.

Blood glucose dysregulation and hyperglycaemia caused by diabetes mellitus are intimately associated with male infertility. Two-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection to induce type I diabetes mellitus (DM group). The treatment group was given 1 unit/day of insulin for 16 weeks (INS group).

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor arising from soft tissues of extremities harboring a novel CLIP2-ALK fusion.

A 34-year-old Chinese woman found a lump in her left leg for more than 3 weeks without any discomfort. Grossly, the tumor was relatively well delineated with focal infiltration. Histopathologic evaluation showed a compact fascicular spindle cell proliferation with variable myxoid and collagenous stroma and scattered inflammatory infiltrate.

Autocrine Regulation of Interleukin-3 in the Activity of Regulatory T Cells and its Effectiveness in the Pathophysiology of Sepsis.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in modulating the inflammatory response and participated in sepsis-related immune dysfunctions. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms by which Tregs are kept in check during immune responses. Here, we verified the simultaneous expression of interleukin-3 (IL-3) and its receptor (IL-3R) in Tregs.

Analysis of recurrence after resection of well-differentiated non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Although pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are generally considered to have a favorable overall prognosis after resection, disease recurrence has been observed. Few studies have specifically addressed recurrence after resection of PNETs, especially for non-functioning PNETs (NF-PNETs). The aim of our study is to analyze the recurrence of resected well-differentiated NF-PNETs.

Recombinant human ulinastatin improves immune dysfunction of dendritic cells in septic mice by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis.

Urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), also known as ulinastatin, has been reported to protect multiple organs against inflammation- and/or injury-induced dysfunction. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the immunomodulation effects of a recombinant human ulinastatin (urinary trypsin inhibitor, UTI) (rhUTI) on splenic dendritic cells (DCs) in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mice. CLP mice were treated with rhUTI intramuscularly at 0, 12, and 24 h after procedure.

Sestrin2 protects dendritic cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis induced by high mobility group box-1 protein.

Sestrin2 (SESN2) is a highly evolutionary conserved protein and involved in different cellular responses to various stresses. However, the potential function of SESN2 in immune system remains unclear. The present study was designed to test whether dendritic cells (DCs) could express SESN2, and investigate the underlying molecular mechanism as well as its potential significance.

Biological functions and clinical implications of interleukin-34 in inflammatory diseases.

Interleukin (IL)-34 is a recently discovered cytokine and ligand of the colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 receptor. Although CSF-1 and IL-34 share similar biological properties, their expression patterns and downstream signaling pathways are distinct. IL-34 can influence differentiation and has functions in multiple cell types (e.

Publication Trends of Research on Sepsis and Host Immune Response during 1999-2019: A 20-year Bibliometric Analysis.

Sepsis is an intractable disorder, which is associated with high risk of organ dysfunction and even death, while its pathogenesis remains largely unclear. Our study aims to study the research trend on sepsis and host immune response, and compare the contribution of publications from different countries, institutions, journals and authors. We extracted all relevant publications with regard to sepsis and immune response during 1999-2019 from Web of Science.

Sestrin2: Its Potential Role and Regulatory Mechanism in Host Immune Response in Diseases.

Sestrin2 (SESN2), a highly evolutionarily conserved protein, is critically involved in cellular responses to various stresses. SESN2 has a protective effect on physiological and pathological states mainly via regulating oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, metabolism, and inflammation. In recent years, breakthrough investigations with regard to the regulation and signaling mechanisms of SESN2 have markedly deepened our understanding of its potential role as well as its significance in host response.

Chronic wound biofilms: diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.

Objective: To review the diagnosis of chronic wound biofilms and discuss current treatment approaches.

Data Sources: Articles included in this review were obtained from the following databases: Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and the Web of Science. We focused on research published before August 2019 with keywords including chronic wound, biofilm, bacterial biofilms, and chronic wound infection.

Correction to: 'Dynamical modelling of secondary metabolism and metabolic switches in 318'.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190418.

Dynamical modelling of secondary metabolism and metabolic switches in 318.

The production of secondary metabolites, while important for bioengineering purposes, presents a paradox in itself. Though widely existing in plants and bacteria, they have no definite physiological roles. Yet in both native habitats and laboratories, their production appears robust and follows apparent metabolic switches.

Successful Treatment of Eczema-Like Mucormycosis in a Child by Combination of Intravenous Drip and Percutaneous Injection Amphotericin B.

We report a case of eczema-like cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus arrhizus. A 4-year-old child was presented to our hospital with a history of gradually enlarging papule and plaque in the periumbilical area for nearly 4 years since 2 weeks after his birth, and it has been misdiagnosed as eczema for nearly 3 years. Based on histopathology examination, the fungus culture test and DNA sequencing, it was revealed that R.