Inhalable vaccine of bacterial culture supernatant extract mediates protection against fatal pulmonary anthrax.

Pulmonary anthrax is the most fatal clinical form of anthrax and currently available injectable vaccines do not provide adequate protection against it. Hence, next-generation vaccines that effectively induce immunity against pulmonary anthrax are urgently needed. In the present study, we prepared an attenuated and low protease activity strain A16R-5.

[Effects of binary coverage on soil water content in apple orchards during low-water-consumption growth period].

To investigate the effects of intercropped rape and film mulching on soil water content in dryland apple orchards during the low-water consumption period on the Loess Plateau, soil water content and soil water storage were measured with in situ field observations. The results showed that at the sprout period of apple trees, mean water content in 0-200 cm soil layer under apple trees with film mulching + intercropping 50% width rape (PR) and apple trees with film mulching + intercropping 100% width rape (PR) treatments increased by 7.9% and 6.

[Spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture of mountain apple orchards with rainwater collection and infiltration (RWCI) system in the Loess Plateau, China].

Water scarcity is a critical factor influencing rain-fed agricultural production on the Loess Plateau, and the exploitation of rainwater is an effective avenue to alleviate water scarcity in this area. This study was conducted to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture in the 0-300 cm under a 21-year-old apple orchard with the rainwater collection and infiltration (RWCI) system by using a time domain reflectometer (TDR) probe on the Loess Plateau. The results showed that there was a low soil moisture zone in the 40-80 cm under the CK, and the RWCI system significantly increased soil moisture in this depth interval.

[Out-of-Band Radiation and Spatio-Temporal Characterization of Gd Target Laser Plasma Sources].

In this paper, an Nd∶YAG laser with 10ns pulse width and output wavelength of 1 064 nm was employed to ablate Gd metal target and Gd-doped glass target for plasma generation. The out-of-band (OOB) radiation of extreme ultraviolet sources with the two target configurations was comparatively studied. It has been found that the continuous radiation emitted by the plasma is the main component of the out-of-band radiation.

[Effects of land use on manganese distribution and fractions in wetland soil of Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China].

A detailed investigation was conducted to study the variations of manganese contents and fractions in soil under different land use patterns in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The purpose of this work was to study the changes of manganese and its fractions during wetland cultivation and their relationships with environment factors. The results indicated that the total manganese contents (Mn(tot)) were relatively low in wetland soils.

[Mn content in soil of Sanjiang Plain under different land use].

Mn content and its profile distribution characteristics were investigated in soils from the typical Deyeuxia angustifolia wetland, corn filed, paddy field, poplar forest and island forest in Sanjiang Plain. Results indicated that Mn content was relatively low and was in the range of 107.73-2 798.

[Study on nutrient and salinity in soil covered with different vegetations in Shuangtaizi estuarine wetlands].

Nutrient elements and salinity in soil covered by different vegetations including Phragmites australis (Clay.) Trin., Typha orientalis Presl.

[Effects of electroacupuncture of "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) on contents of MDA and beta-EP, and expression of HSP 70 in the uterus in rats with dysmenorrhea].

Objective: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) on the uterus in dysmenorrhea rats so as to study its underlying analgesic mechanism.

Methods: A total of 48 SD rats during diestrus were randomized into normal saline (control) group, model group and acupuncture group according to a random number table, with 16 rats in each group. Dysmenorrhea model was established by subcutaneous injection of Estradiol benzoate (0.

[Comparative study on the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture at "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6), "Hegu" (LI 4) and "Xuehai" (SP 10) in dysmenorrhea rats].

Objective: To observe and compare the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Sanyinjiso" (SP 6), "Hegu" (LI 4) and "Xuehai" (SP 10) in dysmenorrhea rats so as to investigate the functional specificity of acupoint.

Methods: One hundred SD female rats aged three-month-old in the diestrus examined by the vaginal smear screening were randomly divided into a saline group, a model group, a Sanyinjiao (SF 6) group, a Hegu (LI 4) group and a Xuehai (SF 10) group, 20 rats in each group. The rats in the last four groups were given Estradiol Benzoate combined with Oxytocin to prepare the models of dysmenorrhea and in the saline group were given the same dose of saline.

[Effect of preventive moxibustion on heat shock proteins and stress hormones in natural menopausal rats].

Objective: To investigate the effect of preventive moxibustion at the acupoint of 'Guanyuan" (CV 4) on the stress-related hormones, proteins and genes in natural menopausal rats, and explore its protective mechanism.

Methods: One hundred and twenty eight healthy female SD rats were used in this study, in which 16 rats aged 4 months were used as normal control group, the rest 10-month-old rats with disorder of estrus cycle were randomly divided into 7 groups, including 4 control groups at the age of 10, 12, 14 and 16 months, and 3 preventive moxibustion groups at the age of 12, 14 and 16 months, 16 cases in each group. The 10-month-old rats were treated with preventive moxibustion at the acupoint of "Guanyuan" (CV 4), twice a week for 8 weeks consistently, then observed on the following 12, 14 and 16 months.

[Effect of preventive acupuncture and moxibustion at "Guanyuan" (CV 4) on the expression of HSP 70 and HSP 70 mRNA in spleen and the contents of serum IL-2, TNF-alpha in menopausal rats].

Objective: To observe the influence of preventive acupuncture (PA) and preventive moxibustion (PM) at "Guanyuan" (CV 4) on the immune function in natural climacteric rats.

Methods: A total of 160 female SD rats were randomized into control, PA and PM groups, the former one group was further divided into 10 month (mon), 12 mon, 14 mon and 16 mon subgroups, and the later two groups were further divided into 12 mon, 14 mon and 16 mon subgroups, with 16 rats in each. In addition, other 16 female SD rats aged 3.

[Occupational exposure induced human transmissible highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in one patient].

Objective: To describe the clinical manifestations and lung imaging characteristics of the human transmissible highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza.

Methods: The clinical manifestations and lung imaging characteristics of human transmissible highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in one patient were reviewed and analyzed.

Results: The patient had the clear history of occupational exposure.