The first cavernicolous Leuctridae (Insecta: Plecoptera) nymph from Guizhou, China.

In this study, the first cavernicolous stonefly of China is reported from Guizhou Province, southwestern China. The morphological characteristics show that this species is a member of the genus Rhopalopsole Klaplek, 1912 (Plecoptera: Leuctridae). The pale coloration and the reduced compound eyes indicate that this species could be an obligate troglobitic taxon.

Correlation Between Conditional Approval and Customized Bone Implant Devices.

This report aims to summarize key concerns regarding customized devices and conditional approval during the premarket evaluation of bone implants, and to explore the correlation between them. Based on the experience of approval of the first domestic custom-designed bone implant, we consider the process of gaining conditional approval for urgently-needed medical devices and medical devices for rare diseases, as well as the guidance available for clinical investigation. We also streamlined the scientifically administrative concept of this unique device, from the design and development of premarket technical evaluation to continuous post-market study.

Enhancement of l-phenylalanine production in Escherichia coli by heterologous expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin.

l-Phenylalanine is an important amino acid that is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals. Generally, l-phenylalanine production by engineered Escherichia coli requires a high rate of oxygen supply. However, the coexpression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene (vgb), driven bya tac promoter, with the genes encoding 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate synthetase (aroF) and feedback-resistant chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase (pheA ), led to increased productivity and decreased demand for aeration by E.

Nationwide prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and viral genotype distribution in 37 cities in China.

Background: Type-specific high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infection is related to cervical carcinogenesis. The prevalence of hrHPV infection varies geographically, which might reflect the epidemiological characteristics of cervical cancer among different populations. To establish a foundation for HPV-based screening and vaccination programs in China, we investigated the most recent HPV prevalence and genotypic distributions in different female age groups and geographical regions in China.

Inaccuracy of Self-reported Low Sodium Diet among Chinese: Findings from Baseline Survey for Shandong & Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension (SMASH) Project.

This study was aimed to evaluate the agreement between the self-reported sodium intake level and 24-h urine sodium excretion level in Chinese. The 24-h urine collection was conducted among 2112 adults aged 18-69 years randomly selected in Shandong Province, China. The subjects were asked whether their sodium intake was low, moderate, or high.

[Study on anti-alcohol mechanism of soybean peptide].

Objective: To study the anti-alcohol mechanism of soybean peptide.

Methods: The effect of soybean peptide on sleep latency (disappear of righting reflex)and sleep time on drunkenness (Polysomnography)mice induced by alcohol was observed. The concentration of ethanol in serum was measured by GC, and the content of GSH, MDA and ADH in liver homogenate were also determined.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity and their associations with blood pressure among children and adolescents in Shandong, China.

Background: Obesity and high blood pressure (BP) are public health problems all over the world. Some studies have reported a positive association between them in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their associations with BP among school children and adolescents in Shandong, an important province in eastern China.

Dietary sodium intake and its impact factors in adults of Shandong province.

Dietary sodium intake and its impact factors in 2 140 adults aged 18-69 years were analyzed. The mean daily sodium intake was 5745.0 (5427.

Estimating daily salt intake based on 24 h urinary sodium excretion in adults aged 18-69 years in Shandong, China.

Objective: 24 h urinary sodium extretion was used to estimate the daily salt intake of shandong residents aged from 18 to 69 years in China.

Setting: 20 selected counties/districts in Shandong stratified by geographic region (Eastern, Central Southern and North Western) and residence type (urban vs rural).

Participants: Among 2184 randomly selected adults, 2061 provided usable 24 h urine samples.

[The status of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in adult population in Shandong province in 2011].

Objective: To identify the status of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in adult population in Shandong province in China.

Methods: A total of 15 350 representative subjects aged 18 to 69 in Shandong province were selected with multistage stratified and clustered sampling design. Questionnaire investigation and physical examination including measurement of blood pressure, height and weight, were taken for all of them.

[The changes of inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and apoptosis-related gene expression in endotoxemia-induced rat diaphragm].

Objective: To study the changes of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 mRNA expressions in endotoxemia-induced rat diaphragm injury and analyze the related apoptosis mechanism.

Methods: Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8): control group (saline 0.5 ml ip), endotoxin 24 h, 48 h and 96 h group (endotoxin 12 mg/kg ip, animals were killed either 24, 48 or 96 h after injections).

Dietary sodium intake: knowledge, attitudes and practices in Shandong Province, China, 2011.

Objective: To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) for dietary sodium intake among adult residents of Shandong Province, China.

Methods: In 2011, we conducted a cross sectional survey among a representative sample of 15,350 adults aged 18 to 69 years using a standardized questionnaire to assess their KAP for sodium. Variation in the KAPs by gender, and residence location were compared using the Chi-square tests.

[Field observation on the effect of low-sodium and high-potassium salt substitute on blood pressure in the rural community-based population in China].

Objective: To investigate the effect of commercial low-sodium and high-potassium salt substitutes on blood pressure in the rural community-based population in China.

Methods: We conducted a quasi-experiment on 411 adults, who were 30 to 60 years of age, in 2 rural communities from Laiwu city in Shandong province of China on data from blood pressure screening. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: high blood pressure (HBP) and non-HBP (NHBP).

[Evaluation on the effectiveness of community intervention on hypertension related knowledge in mid-western rural area of Shandong province].

Objective: To evaluate the intervention effect of health education on hypertension knowledge in mid-western rural area of Shandong province.

Methods: A project was launched on chronic disease control in mid-western rural area of Shandong province from 2007 to 2010. The baseline survey was performed using multi-stage random sampling method in 8 counties of mid-western rural area of Shandong province in April, 2007.

In vitro chondrogenesis of the goat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells directed by chondrocytes in monolayer and 3-dimetional indirect co-culture system.

Background: Cartilage injury has a very poor capacity for intrinsic regeneration. The cell-based treatment strategy for the cartilage repair using differentiated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is, however, a promising approach to the chondral repair. This study was aimed to explore the chondrogenic potential of the goat BMSCs in the Transwell co-culture system and the poly-laetide-co-glycolide (PLGA) scaffolds.

[Burden of disease on road traffic injuries in Penglai city, Shandong province, in 2006 - 2007].

Objective: To evaluate the burden of road traffic injury (RTI) from perspectives both on the health of population and on social economic status so as to provide scientific evidence for policy making.

Methods: The status of mortality and disability caused by traffic accident in Penglai county was estimated, based on data from death registration and a sampling survey from 2006 to 2007. Together with the disability weights gained from global burden of disease (GBD), health burden (DALY) was measured with GBD formula.

[Estimation on disease burden related to hepatitis B virus infection in Shandong province of China].

Objective: To comprehensively measure the burden of hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer in Shandong province, using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to estimate the disease burden attribute to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

Methods: Based on the mortality data of hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer derived from the third National Sampling Retrospective Survey for Causes of Death during 2004 and 2005, the incidence data of hepatitis B and the prevalence and the disability weights of liver cancer gained from the Shandong Cancer Prevalence Sampling Survey in 2007, we calculated the years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and DALYs of three diseases following the procedures developed for the global burden of disease (GBD) study to ensure the comparability.

Results: The total burden for hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer were 211,616 (39,377 YLLs and 172,239 YLDs), 16,783 (13,497 YLLs and 3286 YLDs) and 247,795 (240,236 YLLs and 7559 YLDs) DALYs in 2005 respectively, and men were 2.

[Comparing the dissolution of Rb1 from the micropowder and common powder of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii].

Objective: To compare the dissolution of Rb1 from the micropowder and common powder of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii in vitro.

Methods: The contents of Ginsenoside Rb1 in micropowder (99% over 0-30 microm) and common powder (180 microm) with and without the barrier of dialytic membrane were determined at different time by HPLC.

Results: The speed and degree of dissolution of Ginsenoside Rb1 in micropowder were better than those in common powder (15-45 min, P < 0.

[Estimation of disability weights on malignant neoplasms in Shandong province].

Objective: To determine stage-specific and average disability weights (DWs) of malignant neoplasm and provide support and evidence for study on burden of cancer and policy development in Shandong province.

Methods: Health status of each cancer patient identified during the cancer prevalence survey in Shandong, 2007 was investigated. In line with the GBD methodology in estimating DWs, the disability extent of every case was classified and evaluated according to the Six-class Disability Classification version and then the stage-specific weights and average DWs with their 95% confidence intervals were calculated, using SAS software.

[Estimation on the mortality and disease burden attributed to selected risk factors in Shandong province].

Objective: To determine the major health related risk factors and provide evidence for policy-making, using health burden analysis on selected factors among general population from Shandong province.

Methods: Based on data derived from the Third Death of Cause Sampling Survey in Shandong, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated according to the GBD methodology. Deaths and DALYs attributed to the selected risk factors were than estimated together with the PAF data from GBD 2001 study.

[Muscle atrophy of hand as an initial sign in a patient with protoplasmic astrocytoma: a case report and literature review].

We reported a rare case of protoplasmic astrocytoma presenting small muscle atrophy of the right hand as an initial sign. A 39-year-old male was admitted to hospital complaining of chronic muscle atrophy and subtle headache. Electromyography (EMG) showed brief small denervation and no signs of sensory-motor conduction impairment.

[Changes of mortality and causes of death from 1970 to 2005 and decomposition analysis in Shandong province].

Objective: To describe the trend of overall mortality and major causes of death in Shandong population from 1970 to 2005, and to quantitatively estimate the influential factors.

Methods: Trends of overall mortality and major causes of death were described using indicators such as mortality rates and age-adjusted death rates by comparing three large-scale mortality surveys in Shandong province. Difference decomposing method was applied to estimate the contribution of demographic and non-demographic factors for the change of mortality.

[Expression and significance of integrin alpha6beta4 in experimental allergic neuritis].

Objective: To investigate the expression of the integrin alpha6beta4 in experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) and the relationship of the integrin alpha6beta4 with functional states of Schwann cells (Sc) as well as the injury and repair of the myelin during EAN.

Methods: EAN was induced in Lewis rats and sciatic nerves were resected in 18 EAN and 3 normal rats. The expression of tissue integrin alpha6beta4 was analyzed during the course of EAN induction and in controls by in situ hybridization and semi-quantitative RT-PCR.