Nuclear Focal Adhesion Kinase Protects against Cisplatin Stress in Ovarian Carcinoma.

FAK inhibitors are in combinatorial clinical testing with agents that prevent Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway activation in various cancers. This study suggests that nuclear FAK limits ERK/MAPK activation in supporting HGSOC cell survival to cisplatin stress. Overall, it is likely that targets of FAK-mediated survival signaling may be tumor type- and context-dependent.

DGT and kinetic analyses differentiate Se and Cd bioavailability in naturally enriched paddy soils.

Naturally selenium (Se)-rich soils often contain elevated cadmium (Cd) levels, complicating safe production of Se-enriched rice. This study employed diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) and DGT-induced fluxes in soils (DIFS) model to determine Se and Cd bioavailability in paddy soils. We investigated desorption kinetics and accumulation patterns in rice using paired rhizosphere and grain samples from 65 field sites in Guangxi, China, encompassing Se-enriched karst and non-karst soils.

Inducible FAK Deletion but not FAK Inhibition in Endothelial Cells Activates p53 to Suppress Tumor Growth in PYK2-null Mice.

Unlabelled: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) functions as a signaling and scaffolding protein within endothelial cells (ECs) impacting blood vessel function and tumor growth. Interpretations of EC FAK-null phenotypes are complicated by related PYK2 (protein tyrosine kinase 2) expression, and to test this, we created PYK2 FAK mice with tamoxifen-inducible EC-specific Cre recombinase expression. At 11 weeks of age, EC FAK inactivation resulted in increased heart and lung mass and vascular leakage only on a PYK2 background.

Mediating the Role of Perceived Social Support Between Frailty and Self-Perceived Burden in Elderly Patients with Diabetes.

Objective: To explore the mediating effects of perceived social support between frailty and self-perceived burden (SPB) in elderly patients with diabetes and to provide a theoretical basis for reducing that burden.

Methods: A total of 169 elderly patients with diabetes who were hospitalised in the endocrinology department of a third-class hospital in Wuxi between May 2020 and July 2022 were included in this study using the convenience sampling method. Patients were assessed by the general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Tilburg frailty inventory (TFI), the Self-Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS) and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS).

Muscle attenuation, not skeletal muscle index, is an independent prognostic factor for survival in gastric cancer patients with overweight and obesity.

Objectives: Skeletal muscle index (SMI) is insufficient for evaluating muscle in obesity, and muscle attenuation (MA) may be a preferred indicator. This study aimed to investigate whether MA has greater prognostic value than SMI in gastric cancer patients with overweight and obesity.

Methods: Clinical parameters of 1312 patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy were prospectively collected between 2013 and 2019.

Prognostic value of GLIM-defined malnutrition in combination with hand-grip strength or gait speed for the prediction of postoperative outcomes in gastric cancer patients with cachexia.

Background: Cancer cachexia is associated with impaired functional and nutritional status and worse clinical outcomes. Global Leadership Initiative in Malnutrition (GLIM) consensus recommended the application of GLIM criteria to diagnose malnutrition in patients with cachexia. However, few previous study has applied the GLIM criteria in patients with cancer cachexia.

SHP-1 Regulates CD8+ T Cell Effector Function but Plays a Subtle Role with SHP-2 in T Cell Exhaustion Due to a Stage-Specific Nonredundant Functional Relay.

SHP-1 (Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1) is a well-known negative regulator of T cells, whereas its close homolog SHP-2 is the long-recognized main signaling mediator of the PD-1 inhibitory pathway. However, recent studies have challenged the requirement of SHP-2 in PD-1 signaling, and follow-up studies further questioned the alternative idea that SHP-1 may replace SHP-2 in its absence. In this study, we systematically investigate the role of SHP-1 alone or jointly with SHP-2 in CD8+ T cells in a series of gene knockout mice.

MHC class II regulation of CD8 T cell tolerance and implications in autoimmunity and cancer immunotherapy.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-reactive CD8 T cells are found in humans and animals, but little is known about their identity, development, and function. In this study, we discover a group of CD8 T cells reactive to both MHC class I and II molecules in MHC class II-deficient mice. We clone their T cell receptors (TCRs) and analyze their development and function.

High albumin-bilirubin grade predicts worse short-term complications in gastric cancer patients with metabolic syndrome: a retrospective study.

Background: Preoperative albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade has been proposed and applied in recent years to evaluate the prognosis of liver cancer, but its role in gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear. This research aimed to examine the prognostic value of ALBI grade after gastrectomy among patients with GC complicated with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: There were 628 patients who received radical resection for GC.

Integration of Protein Nanocage with CpG Motifs: A Virus-Mimicked Core-Shell Nanostructure to Ignite Antitumor Immunity.

The tumor microenvironment typically possesses immunosuppressive properties that hinder the effectiveness of antitumor immune responses, even in the context of immunotherapies. However, it is observed that pathogenic microorganisms can trigger strong immune responses during infection, offering a potential means to counteract the immunosuppressive environment of tumors. In this study, a protein nanocage called CpG@HBc nanocages (NCs) is developed, which mimics the structure of the hepatitis B virus and combines with an immunostimulatory component known as cytosine phosphoguanosine oligonucleotide (CpG).

TMEM25 inhibits monomeric EGFR-mediated STAT3 activation in basal state to suppress triple-negative breast cancer progression.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with poor outcome and lacks of approved targeted therapy. Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is found in more than 50% TNBC and is suggested as a driving force in progression of TNBC; however, targeting EGFR using antibodies to prevent its dimerization and activation shows no significant benefits for TNBC patients. Here we report that EGFR monomer may activate signal transducer activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) in the absence of transmembrane protein TMEM25, whose expression is frequently decreased in human TNBC.

Themis suppresses the effector function of CD8 T cells in acute viral infection.

CD8 T cells play a central role in antiviral immune responses. Upon infection, naive CD8 T cells differentiate into effector cells to eliminate virus-infected cells, and some of these effector cells further differentiate into memory cells to provide long-term protection after infection is resolved. Although extensively investigated, the underlying mechanisms of CD8 T-cell differentiation remain incompletely understood.

Analysis of Expression of Inflammatory Factors and T Cell Lymphocyte in Patients with Orthopedic Trauma after Infection and Risk Factors.

Since most orthopedic patients' wounds are open in clinical practice, postoperative wound infection and other conditions are prone to occur, which pose varying degrees of threat to patients' prognosis and life and health. In this paper, a retrospective study is conducted on orthopedic trauma patients in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022, including 98 patients with postoperative infection and 98 patients without infection, to detect and compare the levels of inflammatory factors and the level of T cell lymphatic group index difference. The ROC curve is drawn to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of postoperative infection indicators for patients with orthopedic trauma.

[Microbial Community Structure of Activated Sludge for Total Nitrogen Upgrading Project].

The activated sludge of a biochemical unit (WLK_OD) and an advanced denitrification unit (WLK_AD) were collected from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), in which the TN concentration of effluent was less than 1.5 mg·L, and their microbial community structure and function profiles were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. The microorganisms in WLK_AD had lower evenness compared with that in WLK_OD, which was attributed to environmental selection.

Prognostic value of myosteatosis and sarcopenia for elderly patients with colorectal cancer: A large-scale double-center study.

Background: Myosteatosis and sarcopenia are forms of muscle depletion that impair the normal physiological function of elderly patients, resulting in a worse prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of sarcopenia and myosteatosis on postoperative outcomes in elderly patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods: From February 2015 to March 2021, a total of 921 elderly patients who underwent curative surgeries for colorectal cancer at 2 centers were enrolled and grouped by the presence of either myosteatosis or sarcopenia.

Resection of Insular Glioma Through the Transfrontal Limiting Sulcus Approach.

Background: The current transsylvian or transopercular approaches make access difficult because of the limited exposure of insular tumors. Hence, maximal and safe removal of insular gliomas is challenging. In this article, a new approach to resect insular gliomas is presented.

Global leadership initiative in malnutrition (GLIM) criteria using hand-grip strength adequately predicts postoperative complications and long-term survival in patients underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Background: The present study aims to investigate whether malnutrition defined by the Global Leadership Initiative in Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria using hand-grip strength (HGS) adequately predict postoperative complications and long-term survival in patients underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer in a similar manner to GLIM-defined malnutrition using skeletal muscle index (SMI).

Methods: Patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer from August 2014 to June 2019 were included in this study. Clinical data were prospectively collected.

Themis is indispensable for IL-2 and IL-15 signaling in T cells.

To perform their antiviral and antitumor functions, T cells must integrate signals both from the T cell receptor (TCR), which instruct the cell to remain quiescent or become activated, and from cytokines that guide cellular proliferation and differentiation. In mature CD8 T cells, Themis has been implicated in integrating TCR and cytokine signals. We investigated whether Themis plays a direct role in cytokine signaling in mature T cells.

Impact of Body Composition and Physical Function on Quality of Life After Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer.

Purpose: Patients with gastric cancer after gastrectomy often suffer from a decline in their quality of life (QoL), but the relationship between body composition (BC) and physical function on QoL has rarely been studied. This study aims to evaluate and determine the changes in QoL after gastrectomy and the impact of BC and physical function on QoL.

Methods: A total of 311 gastric cancer patients completed EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-STO22 questionnaires before and 1, 3, 6 months post-surgery.

Effect of GLIM-defined malnutrition on postoperative clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer.

Background: Malnutrition is common in colorectal cancer patients. Malnutrition is recognized as a risk factor for adverse postoperative outcomes, yet there are no consistent diagnostic criteria for it. Thus, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition published new universal criteria.