Identification of Coupled Landau and Anomalous Resonances in Space Plasmas.

Wave-particle resonance, a ubiquitous process in the plasma universe, occurs when resonant particles observe a constant wave phase to enable sustained energy transfer. Here, we present spacecraft observations of simultaneous Landau and anomalous resonances between oblique whistler waves and the same group of protons, which are evidenced, respectively, by phase-space rings in parallel-velocity spectra and phase-bunched distributions in gyrophase spectra. Our results indicate the coupling between Landau and anomalous resonances via the overlapping of the resonance islands.

Transcripts related with ammonium use and effects of gibberellin on expressions of the transcripts responding to ammonium in two invasive and native species.

Soil nitrogen forms are important for exotic plant invasions. However, little effort has been made to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the utilization of different N forms in co-occurring invasive and native plants. The invasive plant prefers nitrate relative to ammonium, and mainly invades nitrate-dominated environments, while it co-occurring native congener prefers ammonium.

Superfast precipitation of energetic electrons in the radiation belts of the Earth.

Energetic electron precipitation from Earth's outer radiation belt heats the upper atmosphere and alters its chemical properties. The precipitating flux intensity, typically modelled using inputs from high-altitude, equatorial spacecraft, dictates the radiation belt's energy contribution to the atmosphere and the strength of space-atmosphere coupling. The classical quasi-linear theory of electron precipitation through moderately fast diffusive interactions with plasma waves predicts that precipitating electron fluxes cannot exceed fluxes of electrons trapped in the radiation belt, setting an apparent upper limit for electron precipitation.

Genome-wide identification of WD40 genes reveals a functional diversification of COP1-like genes in Rosaceae.

Genome-wide identification of WD40-like genes reveals a duplication of COP1-like genes, one of the key players involved in regulation of flowering time and photomorphogenesis, with strong functional diversification in Rosaceae. WD40 proteins play crucial roles in a broad spectrum of developmental and physiological processes. Here, we conducted a systematic characterization of this family of genes in Rosa chinensis 'Old Blush' (OB), a founder genotype for modern rose domestication.

[Cathepsin L expression in plasma after acute myocardial ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion in rats].

Objective: To test cathepsin L as a biomarker of myocardial ischemia by examination of cathepsin L expression in plasma after myocardial ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

Methods: The rat models were established and divided in acute myocardial ischemia model (myocardial ischemia 30 min, 1 h, 2 h groups), ischemia-reperfusion model (ischemia-reperfusion group), and isoflurane-pretreated ischemia-reperfusion model (isoflurane-pretreated group), respectively. Normal control group and sham-operated group were established as contrast.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors respond differently to early myocardial ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion in vivo.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been demonstrated to be a mediator and marker of heart diseases. We hypothesized that the expression of S1P receptors is involved in the S1P-mediated cardioprotection in vivo and may serve as a biomarker of ischemic heart disease. In vivo models of myocardial ischemia (MI) and ischemia-reperfusion (IR) were established by ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) of rat heart, the mRNA expressions of S1PR1-3 were detected using real time PCR at different time intervals after ischemia (LAD for 15 min, 30 min, and 1 h) and IR.

[Effects of Huangqi injection on infection factors in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

Objective: To investigate the effects of Huangqi injection on the infection factors in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during remission induction chemotherapy.

Methods: Ninety-one children with ALL were divided into treatment (n=47) and control groups (n=44) by a randomized double-blind method. During remission induction chemotherapy, the treatment group was given Huangqi injection (0.