Phylogenomics and biogeographical diversification of Collabieae (Orchidaceae) and its implication in the reconstruction of the dynamic history of Asian evergreen broadleaved forests.

The tribe Collabieae (Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) comprises approximately 500 species. Generic delimitation within Collabieae are confusing and phylogenetic interrelationships within the Collabieae have not been well resolved. Plastid genomes and nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were used to estimate the phylogenetic relationships, ancestral ranges, and diversification rates of Collabieae.

Efficacy and safety of oral and vaginal administration of misoprostol for induction of labor in high-risk obese pregnant women with hypertension or diabetes mellitus.

Objective: This study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of misoprostol administered orally and vaginally in obese pregnant women at term with either gestational hypertension or diabetes.

Methods: A total of 264 pregnant women were enrolled and categorized into two groups based on their primary condition: hypertension (134 cases) or diabetes mellitus (130 cases) and were further divided into subgroups for misoprostol administration: orally (Oral group) or vaginally (Vaginal group). The primary outcomes measured were changes in the Bishop score following treatment, induction of labor (IOL) success rates, requirement for oxytocin augmentation, duration of labor, mode of delivery, and cesarean section rates.

Habitat-related plastome evolution in the mycoheterotrophic Neottia listeroides complex (Orchidaceae, Neottieae).

Background: Mycoheterotrophs, acquiring organic carbon and other nutrients from mycorrhizal fungi, have evolved repeatedly with substantial plastid genome (plastome) variations. To date, the fine-scale evolution of mycoheterotrophic plastomes at the intraspecific level is not well-characterized. A few studies have revealed unexpected plastome divergence among species complex members, possibly driven by various biotic/abiotic factors.

 (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Vandeae), a new species from Xizang, China.

A new species of Orchidaceae, , from Motuo, Xizang, is described and illustrated based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenetics analysis. Molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphological characters indicate that is close to , and , but differs from them by having triangular wings on the column foot, rhombic lip mid-lobe with a fleshy-horned appendage at the base, and concave lip lateral lobes, the lower part white with a deep purplish-red spot and hairy, the upper part pale yellow with dense rust spots.

(Orchidaceae: Neottieae), a new species from Fujian, China.

A new species, (Neottieae, Orchidaceae), is described and illustrated from Wuyishan, Fujian, eastern China, based on morphological characters and molecular data. Molecular phylogenetics indicate that is nested within the clade formed by and . Morphologically, is similar to and , but differs from them by having indistinct auricles at the base, and in the shape and size of lobelets.

New taxa of tribe Gastrodieae (Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) from Yunnan, China and its conservation implication.

, a new species of Orchidaceae from Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to , but can be easily distinguished from the latter by having a rhombic epichile, long column (6.0-7.

Three new species of (Orchidaceae: Malaxideae) from Southwest China based on morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence.

and , two new species from the karst region of southwestern China, and , a new species from montane region in Yunnan, are described and illustrated. is easily distinguished from its relatives by having abaxially purple leave with purple reticulate veins prominent adaxially, a lip auriculate at base, and falcate-lanceolate pollinia. is closely related to and but differs from them by having an ovate to broadly ovate leaf, purple lip and apex connate along the margins.

Four new species and a new record of Orchidinae (Orchidaceae: Orchideae) from China.

Four new species of Orchidaceae from China, , , , and , together with a new country record, , are described and illustrated based on morphological and/or phylogenetic analyses. is closely related to but differs from it by having the dorsal sepal ovate-orbicular and lip mid-lobe distinctly shorter than lateral lobes. is close to but is distinguished from it by having several fascicled and straight, root-like tubers (vs.

Taxonomy notes on Vandeae (Orchidaceae) from China: Five new species and two new records.

Five new species (, , , , ) and two newly recorded species (, ) of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) from China are described and illustrated. is similar to and , but differs from them by having an epichile not lobed, the apex of the hypochile not bilobed, and a tine on the apex of the leaf. is similar to , but can be distinguished from the latter by having a flabellate epichile that is densely hirsute on the adaxial surface and an inconspicuous central cushion; in addition, the hypochile of has a keel that extends to the apex of the epichile.

Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly of the Resurrection Plant Acanthochlamys bracteata (Velloziaceae).

Acanthochlamys bracteata (Velloziaceae) is a resurrection plant with cold tolerance. Herein, a chromosome-level reference genome of A. bracteata based on Nanopore, Illumina, and Hi-C data is reported.

Taxonomic revision of group (sect. Diphyllae s.l.) in the Pan-Himalaya.

Species of the group in the Pan-Himalaya region are revised, based on their morphological characters and results of previous molecular phylogenetics. Eight distinctive species are recognised; key to the species, taxonomic descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps are provided. is re-instated, based on morphological and molecular evidence; is synonymised with , a neotype for and the lectotypes for , , and are designated.

Diversification in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Orchidinae (Orchidaceae) clades exhibiting pre-adaptations play critical role.

We explore the origins of the extraordinary plant diversity in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) using Orchidinae (Orchidaceae) as a model. Our results indicate that six major clades in Orchidinae exhibited substantial variation in the temporal and spatial sequence of diversification. Our time-calibrated phylogenetic model suggests that the species-richness of Orchidinae arose through a combination of in situ diversification, colonisation, and local recruitment.

Plastid Genome Evolution in the Subtribe Calypsoinae (Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae).

Calypsoinae is a small subtribe in Orchidaceae (Epidendroideae) characterized by diverse trophic strategies and morphological characters. Calypsoinae includes 13 genera, four of which are leafless and mycoheterotrophic. Mycoheterotrophic species in the leafless genus Corallorhiza are well suited to studies of plastome evolution.

(Orchidaceae), a new species from Indonesia.

A new species, , was described and illustrated from Indonesia. is similar to and but differs from them by having rhizome and pseudobulbs covered with papillose scales, caudate and ciliate petals, linear and ciliate lip.

Documentation of plant diversity of Southeast Asia: the new role of Belt and Road Initiative.

Editorial of special issue of plant diversity in southeastern Asia.

Two new species of (Orchidaceae) from the eastern Himalayas.

Two new species, and (Orchidaceae), from Southwestern China and north of Myanmar are described and illustrated with detailed photos. is morphologically similar to and , but can be distinguished from them by having amplexicaul sterile bracts, dark red floral bracts, white flowers, falcate-lanceolate lateral sepals and central keel of lip running from base to the tip of mid-lobe. is similar to and but differs from them by having longer and wider leaves, obovate bracts, and the reddish brown central papillate keel of lip.

Phylogenomics of Orchidaceae based on plastid and mitochondrial genomes.

To advance our knowledge of orchid relationships and timing of their relative divergence, we used 76 protein-coding genes from plastomes (ptCDS) and 38 protein-coding genes from mitochondrial genomes (mtCDS) of 74 orchids representing the five subfamilies and 18 tribes of Orchidaceae, to reconstruct the phylogeny and temporal evolution of the Orchidaceae. In our results, the backbone of orchid tree well supported with both datasets, but there are conflicts between these trees. The phylogenetic positions of two subfamilies (Vanilloideae and Cypripedioideae) are reversed in these two analyses.

Evolution of plastid genomes of Holcoglossum (Orchidaceae) with recent radiation.

Background: The plastid is a semiautonomous organelle with its own genome. Plastid genomes have been widely used as models for studying phylogeny, speciation and adaptive evolution. However, most studies focus on comparisons of plastid genome evolution at high taxonomic levels, and comparative studies of the process of plastome evolution at the infrageneric or intraspecific level remain elusive.

(Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Arethuseae), a new species from Chin State, Myanmar.

, a new species of section Proliferae, from Natma Taung (Mt.Victoria) National Park, Chin State, Myanmar, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to , but the clustered pseudobulbs, pure brownish- red flowers and column wing with irregular notches at the apex of the new species differ from the other species.

, a new species of Begoniaceae from Western China and Northern Myanmar.

JianW.Li, Y.H.

Rediscovery and amended descriptions of (Begoniaceae) from North Myanmar.

Tebbitt was rediscovered in 2014 from Myanmar after 67 years based on its last collection in 1937. Its previously unknown female flower and inaccurate morphology of leaf and ovary have been additionally described. This species belongs to Begonia sect.

Molecular systematics and the evolution of mycoheterotrophy of tribe Neottieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae).

Neottieae comprise about 150-200 species and are distributed mainly in temperate and subtropical zones of the northern hemisphere. Mycoheterotrophy is common in Neottieae. Based on three DNA markers and a broad sampling of Neottieae, these results indicate that Neottieae is strongly supported as monophyletic and is sister to the remaining genera of Neottieae.

(Orchidaceae, Dendrobieae), a new species from Kachin State, Myanmar.

, a new species from Naungmung, Kachin State, North Myanmar, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to and , but the epichile is oblong with three long-ciliate laminae and the column wing has significant denticulation. A preliminary risk-of-extinction assessment shows that the new species should be regarded as Critically Endangered (CR) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.