Latent profiles of multi-dimensional sleep characteristics and association with overweight/obesity in Chinese preschool children.

Objectives: To examine the association between latent profiles of multi-dimensional sleep characteristics and overweight/obesity (OWO) in Chinese preschool children.

Study Design: The cross-sectional analysis included 3204 preschool children recruited from 24 kindergartens in Shanghai. Parents reported children's demographics and sleep characteristics, including sleep duration, timing and disturbances.

A systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the efficacy of Tuina for nocturnal enuresis in children.

Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) and behavioral interventions (BI) are cornerstone treatments for nocturnal enuresis (NE), a common pediatric urinary disorder. Despite the growing body of clinical studies on massage therapy for NE, comprehensive evaluations comparing the effectiveness of Tuina with DDAVP or BI are scarce. This study aims to explore the efficacy of Tuina in the management of NE.

Widely targeted metabolomics analysis of mycelia and fruiting bodies at different harvest stages.

is a medicinal macrofungus cultivated extensively in China. Both the mycelia and fruiting bodies of have remarkable therapeutic properties, but it remains unclear whether the mycelia may serve as a substitute for the fruiting bodies. Furthermore, is a perennial fungus with therapeutic components that vary significantly depending on the growing year of the fruiting bodies.

Sexually dimorphic control of affective state processing and empathic behaviors.

Recognizing the affective states of social counterparts and responding appropriately fosters successful social interactions. However, little is known about how the affective states are expressed and perceived and how they influence social decisions. Here, we show that male and female mice emit distinct olfactory cues after experiencing distress.

Core and variable antimicrobial resistance genes in the gut microbiomes of Chinese and European pigs.

Monitoring the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) is vital for addressing the global crisis of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Despite its importance, the characterization of ARGs and microbiome structures, as well as the identification of indicators for routine ARG monitoring in pig farms, are still lacking, particularly concerning variations in antimicrobial exposure in different countries or regions. Here, metagenomics and random forest machine learning were used to elucidate the ARG profiles, microbiome structures, and ARG contamination indicators in pig manure under different antimicrobial pressures between China and Europe.

Distinct Circuits From the Central Lateral Amygdala to the Ventral Part of the Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis Regulate Different Fear Memory.

Background: The ability to differentiate stimuli that predict fear is critical for survival; however, the underlying molecular and circuit mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Methods: We combined transgenic mice, in vivo transsynaptic circuit-dissecting anatomical approaches, optogenetics, pharmacological methods, and electrophysiological recording to investigate the involvement of specific extended amygdala circuits in different fear memory.

Results: We identified the projections from central lateral amygdala (CeL) protein kinase C δ (PKCδ)-positive neurons and somatostatin (SST)-positive neurons to GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) and glutamatergic neurons in the ventral part of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (vBNST).

and (Agaricales, Lyophyllaceae)-Two new species from northeast China.

Background: are two genera within the family Lyophyllaceae, which show an apparently poor species diversity worldwide. During the field investigation on wild macrofungi, six interesting collections within genera are discovered in the northeastern China.

Methods: To identify whether these collections of Gerhardtia and Ossicaulis are novel species, we performed phylogenetic analyzes using the following DNA regions: the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA (nrLSU) region.

Antimicrobial resistome during the transition from an integrated to a monoculture aquaculture farm in southern China.

Integrated and monoculture freshwater aquaculture systems are often regarded as important reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and antimicrobial resistance bacteria (ARBs), yet only a few studies have assessed differences in the antimicrobial resistome and antibiotic residues between aquaculture modes. In this study, a metagenomic approach was used to comprehensively explore the dynamic patterns and potential transmission mechanisms of ARGs in ducks, human workers, fish, water and sediments during the transition from an integrated to a monoculture freshwater aquaculture mode and to investigate the associations of ARGs with potential hosts in microbial communities using network analysis and a binning approach. The results showed that the abundance and diversity of ARGs were higher under integrated fish-duck farming than in single fish ponds.

Maternal and neonatal blood vitamin D status and neurodevelopment at 24 months of age: a prospective birth cohort study.

Background: This study aimed to explore the relationship of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in three trimesters and at birth with neurodevelopment at 24 months of age.

Methods: From 2013 to 2016, pregnant women from the Shanghai Birth Cohort in China were recruited for the study. Altogether, 649 mother-infant pairs were included.

Distinct serotonergic pathways to the amygdala underlie separate behavioral features of anxiety.

Anxiety-like behaviors in mice include social avoidance and avoidance of bright spaces. Whether these features are distinctly regulated is unclear. We demonstrate that in mice, social and anxiogenic stimuli, respectively, increase and decrease serotonin (5-HT) levels in basal amygdala (BA).

Somatostatin-Positive Neurons in the Rostral Zona Incerta Modulate Innate Fear-Induced Defensive Response in Mice.

Defensive behaviors induced by innate fear or Pavlovian fear conditioning are crucial for animals to avoid threats and ensure survival. The zona incerta (ZI) has been demonstrated to play important roles in fear learning and fear memory, as well as modulating auditory-induced innate defensive behavior. However, whether the neuronal subtypes in the ZI and specific circuits can mediate the innate fear response is largely unknown.

Determining why continuous cropping reduces the production of the morel .

Artificial cultivation of and other morels is expanding in China, but continuous cropping reduces for unknown reasons. Here, we investigated soil that had been used or not used for cultivation for 0, 1, and 2 years. We found that the continuous cropping of substantially reduced the pH and the nutrient content of the hyphosphere soil and increased sclerotia formation by .

and -two new species (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) described from China.

Two new species, and , are originally reported and described in China based on both morphological and molecular methods. , collected in Liaoning province, is mainly characterized by its greyish-brown to yellowish-grey pileus, creamy to light orange lamellae, greyish-yellow context, round and warted basidiospores and fusiform hymenial cystidia. , discovered in Sichuan province, is mainly characterized by its light brown to dark brown pileus, whitish lamellae, light brown to greyish-brown stipe, round and warted basidiospores and lack of any forms of cystidia.

Transcriptome analysis of genes associated with autolysis of Coprinus comatus.

Coprinus comatus, widely known as "Jituigu", is an important commodity and food in China. The yield of C. comatus, however, is substantially reduced by the autolysis of the fruiting bodies after harvest.

A Deep Mesencephalic Nucleus Circuit Regulates Licking Behavior.

Licking behavior is important for water intake. The deep mesencephalic nucleus (DpMe) has been implicated in instinctive behaviors. However, whether the DpMe is involved in licking behavior and the precise neural circuit behind this behavior remains unknown.

Three new species (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from north-eastern China, supported by morphological and molecular data.

Three new species, , and , were discovered in the northeast of China. is morphologically characterised by its grey to yellowish-grey pileus, decurrent lamellae, grey to yellowish-brown stipe, yellowish-grey context, ellipsoid basidiospores with irregular warts and lack of hymenial cystidia. is mainly characterised by its greyish-brown pileus, adnexed to adnate lamellae, greyish-yellow context, fusiform cystidia and almost reticulate basidiospores.

Nano-realgar suppresses lung cancer stem cell growth by repressing metabolic reprogramming.

Background: Recent studies in cancer biology suggest that metabolic glucose reprogramming is a potential target for cancer treatment. However, little is known about drug intervention in the glucose metabolism of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and its related underlying mechanisms.

Methods: The crude realgar powder was Nano-grinded to meets the requirements of Nano-pharmaceutical preparations, and Nano-realgar solution (NRS) was prepared for subsequent experiments.

Potential mechanisms underlying the ameliorative effect of Lactobacillus paracasei FZU103 on the lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic mice fed a high-fat diet.

Lactobacillus paracasei FZU103, a probiotic previously isolated from the traditional brewing process of Hongqu rice wine, may have the beneficial effect of improving the disorder of lipid metabolism. This study aimed to determine the beneficial effects of L. paracasei FZU103 on improving hepatic lipid accumulation associated with hyperlipidemia.

The association of serum vitamin K2 levels with Parkinson's disease: from basic case-control study to big data mining analysis.

Although it is known that inflammation is involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis and vitamin K2 (VK2) has anti-inflammatory effects, to date few studies have been reported on the relationship between VK2 and PD development. Herein we presented a case-control study involving 93 PD patients and 95 healthy controls. Overall, the serum VK2 level of PD patients (3.

Whole-Brain Map of Long-Range Monosynaptic Inputs to Different Cell Types in the Amygdala of the Mouse.

The amygdala, which is involved in various behaviors and emotions, is reported to connect with the whole brain. However, the long-range inputs of distinct cell types have not yet been defined. Here, we used a retrograde trans-synaptic rabies virus to generate a whole-brain map of inputs to the main cell types in the mouse amygdala.

Development of a sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for 25-hydroxyvitamin D and D measurement in capillary blood.

Background: Measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D)] levels is important. The current method requires a relatively large volume of serum. To minimize the amount of serum needed, we established a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method to measure 25(OH)D in capillary serum.

MeCP2 in cholinergic interneurons of nucleus accumbens regulates fear learning.

Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) encoded by the gene is a transcriptional regulator whose mutations cause Rett syndrome (RTT). -deficient mice show fear regulation impairment; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this abnormal behavior are largely uncharacterized. Here, we showed that gene deficiency in cholinergic interneurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) dramatically impaired fear learning.

The protective mechanism of Lactobacillus plantarum FZU3013 against non-alcoholic fatty liver associated with hyperlipidemia in mice fed a high-fat diet.

Lactobacillus plantarum FZU3013, a probiotic previously isolated from the traditional brewing process of Hongqu rice wine, may have the beneficial effect of improving the disorders of lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the role of L. plantarum FZU3013 in improving non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) associated with hyperlipidemia in mice fed a high-fat diet.

Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy affects the function of Th1/Th2 cells and methylation of IFN-γ gene in offspring rats.

The effects of maternal vitamin D status on offspring's Th1/Th2 cell function and the related mechanisms have not been reported. In this study, we established the rat model of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy. 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 16/group): control group (fed with standard AIN-93 G diet until parturition), vitamin D deficiency group (VDD group, fed with vitamin D deficient diet until parturition) and vitamin D supplementation group (VDS group, fed with vitamin D deficient diet prior to mating and with standard AIN-93 G diet during pregnancy).