Development and evaluation of a bivalent vaccine based on recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing infectious bursal disease virus VP2L-CH3-CH4 in SPF chickens.

Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) are two viral infectious diseases that are extremely damaging to the poultry industry and are widespread throughout the world. It is necessary to develop a safe and effective vaccine against IBD and ND because vaccination is an effective preventive measure. It has been discovered that recombinant proteins expressed by an expression system in which a fragment of mammalian Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fragment crystallizable (Fc) is linked to a segment of a gene have antibody-like properties that increase the exogenous protein's serum half-life.

Chemical characterization and multifunctional neuroprotective effects of sesquiterpenoid-enriched Inula britannica flowers extract.

Dried flowers of Inula britannica commercially serve as pharmaceutical/nutraceutical herbs in the manufacture of medicinal products and functional tea that has been reported to possess extensive biological property. However, the neuroprotective constituents in I. britannica flowers are not known.

Effect of Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction on the differentiation of monocytes, macrophages, and regulatory T cells in ApoE mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction (SMYAD) is a renowned traditional Chinese medicinal formula. SMYAD was originally recorded in the "Shi Shi Mi Lu", which was edited by medical scientist Chen Shi'duo during the Qing Dynasty. SMYAD has been traditionally used to treat thromboangiitis obliterans.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 improves glucose homeostasis partially via down-regulation of Na-d-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 in the small intestine.

Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), an endocrine hormone, is regarded as a therapeutic target for diabetes base on its potent effects on improving hyperglycemia. Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) is mainly expressed in the small intestine (SI) for intestinal glucose absorption. It has been demonstrated that SGLT1 expression is increased in diabetes, which is thought to contribute to the rapidly rising postprandial blood glucose levels.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates foam cells formation and inflammatory response in Ox-LDL-induced THP-1 macrophages.

Macrophages are paramount to the initiation and procession of atherosclerosis, thus targeting macrophages in the progress of atherosclerosis is indispensable. Therefore, we perform in vitro experiments to investigate the effects of FGF-21 on macrophages in the progress of atherosclerosis. First, we use phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a phorbol ester, to induce THP-1 cells into macrophages as macrophages model.

Improving hyperglycemic effect of FGF-21 is associated with alleviating inflammatory state in diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is accompanied by abnormal glucose metabolism and low-grade chronic inflammation. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a novel metabolic regulator and can function as an endocrine hormone to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Recently, FGF-21 was found to have anti-inflammatory effect, to our knowledge, the effect of FGF-21 on inflammatory state in diabetes has not been elucidated.

Selection of affinity-improved neutralizing human scFv against HBV PreS1 from CDR3 VH/VL mutant library.

A CDR3 mutant library was constructed from a previously isolated anti-HBV neutralizing Homo sapiens scFv-31 template by random mutant primers PCR. Then the library was displayed on the inner membrane surface in Escherichia coli periplasmic space. Seven scFv clones were isolated from the mutant library through three rounds of screening by flow cytometry.

[Research Advances in NLRP3 Inflammasome-related Regulatory Mechanisms].

Inflammasome is one of the pattern recognition receptors whose activation directly relates to the maturity and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1Β and IL-18. Thus, it plays an important role in the humoral immunity. A growing number of studies have found that inflammasome has a close relationship with the pathogenesis of various diseases including atherosclerosis,diabetes, and gout.

A randomized clinical study on optimum proposal of integration of disease and syndrome to treat viral myocarditis.

Objective: To determine the optimum treatment for viral myocarditis (VMC).

Methods: A total of 126 VMC patients were randomly divided into the control group (42 cases) that was treated with conventional Western medicine, and the intervention group (84 cases) that was treated with a combination of Chinese medicine (CM) and Western medicine intervention termed optimum proposal of integration of disease and syndrome (OPIDS). Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, the integral of CM syndrome, self-rating depression and anxiety scales (SDS and SAS, respectively), echocardiograms (ECGs), heart rate variability and left ventricular systolic function were observed.

[Endoplasmic reticulum stress and vascular endothelial cell apoptosis].

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a new pathway of apoptosis following the discovery of death receptor signaling pathway and mitochondrial pathway. By activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), ERS can suspend protein synthesis, restore the endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and thus play a protective role for cells; however, if the inducing factors of ERS persist, ERS will continue to trigger C/EBP homologous protein, JNK, caspase, or other pathways to induce apoptosis. In addition, the injury and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells are key links in various diseases and pathophysiologic processes, and research has also shown that vascular endothelial cell apoptosis is closely related with the ERS.

[Item selection analysis based on quality of life scale in patients with viral myocarditis].

Objective: To further select the items based on the pre-test version of quality of life scale in patients with viral myocarditis.

Methods: Totally 100 patients with viral myocarditis were enrolled in this study. Methodologies including frequency distribution, discrete trend, t-test, Cronbach's α coefficient, correlation coefficient and factor analysis were applied to select items from different perspectives.