Nine-month outcomes of tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective study.

Purpose: The outcome of performing a tracheostomy in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) seems promising based on the reported 30-day survival rate. However, long-term outcomes are still lacking. Therefore, our aim in this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of tracheostomy performed in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

An environmental study of tracheostomy on eight COVID-19 patients.

Background: Tracheostomy, as an aerosol-generating procedure, is considered as a high-risk surgery for health care workers (HCWs) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Current recommendations are to perform tracheostomy after a period of intubation of > 14 days, with two consecutive negative throat swab tests, to lower the risk of contamination to HCWs. However, specific data for this recommendation are lacking.

Clinical and Biological Markers Predict the Efficacy of Glucocorticoid- and Macrolide-Based Postoperative Therapy in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Background: Although subsequent anti-inflammatory treatments are indispensable for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) undergoing sinus surgery, few studies have explored the factors influencing the efficacy of postoperative anti-inflammatory treatment.

Objective: We aimed to develop prediction models for the response to glucocorticoid- and macrolide-based postoperative therapy in CRS patients.

Methods: We performed a post-hoc analysis of our previous study comparing the efficacy of fluticasone propionate and clarithromycin in the postoperative treatment of CRS patients.

Inflammatory features and predictors for postsurgical outcomes in patients with nasal polyps stratified by local and systemic eosinophilia.

Background: In this study we aimed to identify inflammatory patterns and predictors associated with clinical outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients with different blood and tissue eosinophilia.

Methods: A total of 535 CRSwNP patients were enrolled, and the expression of 35 biomarkers, together with eosinophil and neutrophil counts in nasal polyps, were analyzed in a subset of 249 patients. Patients were stratified on the basis of blood (≥0.

Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein contributes to tissue remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) is a newly identified damage-associated molecular pattern molecule. Its roles beyond promoting inflammation and in human diseases are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of CIRP in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Medial Rectus Anastomosis Under Endoscopic Endonasal Orbital Approach With Image-Guided Navigation: A New Way of Repairing a Ruptured Medial Rectus.

Background: With the extensive development of endoscopic sinus surgery, iatrogenic medial rectus muscle injury should be treated with caution. Traditional methods to repair a ruptured medial rectus need an anterior orbitotomy approach, with more injury and difficulty in finding the posterior end of the ruptured medial rectus.

Objective: To explore a new method to repair a ruptured medial rectus.

Hemokinin-1 stimulates C-C motif chemokine ligand 24 production in macrophages to enhance eosinophilic inflammation in nasal polyps.

Background: The mechanisms underlying mucosal eosinophilia in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remain poorly clarified. The nervous system and neuropeptides play an important role in the regulation of immune response. Herein we explore the expression and function of hemokinin-1 (HK-1), a newly identified tachykinin, along with its receptor neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) in CRSwNP.

The activation and function of IL-36γ in neutrophilic inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Although increased accumulation of neutrophils has been noted in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the function and regulation of neutrophils in CRS are largely unknown. IL-36 family cytokines may play an important role in neutrophilic inflammation.

Objective: This study sought to investigate the expression and function of IL-36 cytokines in CRS.

Distinct mucosal immunopathologic profiles in atopic and nonatopic chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps in Central China.

Background: The role of atopy to aeroallergens in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mucosal immunopathologic characteristics of CRSsNP with and without atopy to inhalant allergens.

Methods: Thirteen nonatopic CRSsNP patients, 9 atopic CRSsNP patients, and 11 nonatopic control subjects were enrolled in this study.

Clara cell 10-kDa protein gene transfection inhibits NF-κB activity in airway epithelial cells.

Background: Clara cell 10-kDa protein (CC10) is a multifunctional protein with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Induction of CC10 expression by gene transfection may possess potential therapeutic effect. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays a key role in the inflammatory processes of airway diseases.

Comparison of efficacy of mometasone furoate versus clarithromycin in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps in Chinese adults.

Background: Although both nasal steroids and macrolide antibiotics have been recommended for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNPs), whether there is any difference in their clinical efficacy remains unexplored. In addition, few studies have investigated their clinical efficacy in a Chinese population living in China, who present distinct inflammatory patterns compared with white patients in western countries. This study compares the efficacy of mometasone furoate and clarithromycin treatment in CRSsNP in Chinese adults in a preliminary prospective, open-label, randomized trial.

The cytokine-driven regulation of secretoglobins in normal human upper airway and their expression, particularly that of uteroglobin-related protein 1, in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: The involvement of secretoglobins (SCGBs) other than SCGB1A1 (Clara cell 10-kDa protein, CC10) in human airway diseases remains unexplored. Among those SCGBs, SCGB3A2 (uteroglobin-related protein 1, UGRP1) is particularly interesting, given its structure and function similarities with SCGB1A1 (CC10). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression regulation of SCGBs other than SCGB1A1 (CC10) in human upper airway, and their potential involvement, particularly that of SCGB3A2 (UGRP1), in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP).

Clara cell 10-kD protein suppresses chitinase 3-like 1 expression associated with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.

Rationale: Clara cell 10-kD (CC10) protein, an antiinflammatory molecule, is involved in inflammatory upper airway diseases, but its regulatory role is unclear, particularly in the process of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Objectives: To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of CC10 in eosinophilic CRS (ECRS) using an allergic mouse model.

Methods: Homozygous CC10-knockout mice were used to establish an allergic ECRS model.

Let-7a microRNA functions as a potential tumor suppressor in human laryngeal cancer.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs, which are involved in the gene expression regulation. Lethal-7a (let-7a) is a founding member of miRNA family and recently it was found to be associated with several cancers, such as lung and colon cancers. In the present study, we found that let-7a miRNA expression was significantly downregulated both in human laryngeal squamous cancer tissues and in Hep-2 cells, a laryngeal cancer cell line, as compared with adjacent normal tissues and BEAS-2B cells, respectively.

Histological and immunological observations of bacterial and allergic chronic rhinosinusitis in the mouse.

Background: The purpose of this study was to elucidate histological and immunologic features of mouse models of bacterial chronic rhinosinusitis (BCRS) and allergic chronic rhinosinusitis (ACRS).

Methods: A BCRS mouse model was established using Streptococcus pneumoniae inoculation plus Merocel (Medtronic, Jacksonville, FL) ostiomeatal obstruction for 12 weeks. An ACRS mouse model was developed by means of ovalbumin (OVA) i.