Causal relationship between major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and constipation: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Epidemiological and other studies have shown correlations among major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder (AXD) and constipation. However, no consensus has been reached regarding their interdependence and pathogenesis. Herein, we sought to further explore the causal associations between them.

Association Between the Weight-Adjusted Waist Index and OSA Risk: Insights from the NHANES 2017-2020 and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.

Background: Obesity is a significant risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) reflects weight-independent centripetal obesity. Our study aims to evaluate the relationship between WWI and OSA.

Inflammatory bowel disease and risk for hemorrhoids: a Mendelian randomization analysis.

Observational studies have reported an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and hemorrhoids (HEM). However, the presence of a causal relationship within this observed association remains to be confirmed. Consequently, we utilized the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to assess the causal effects of IBD on hemorrhoids.

Causal relationship between obesity and anorectal abscess: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies have indicated that obesity is a risk factor for anorectal abscess (ARB). However, it remains unclear whether a causal genetic relationship exists between obesity and ARB.

Methods: Univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) were conducted using data from a large, published genome-wide association study (GWAS) of European ancestry to infer a causal relationship between obesity and ARB.

Arctigenin protects against depression by inhibiting microglial activation and neuroinflammation via HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB and TNF-α/TNFR1/NF-κB pathways.

Background And Purpose: Arctigenin, a major bioactive component of Fructus arctii, has been reported to have antidepressant-like effects. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear. Neuroinflammation can be caused by excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines in microglia via high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/TLR4/NF-κB and TNF-α/TNFR1/NF-κB signalling pathways, leading to depression.

Antidepressive Effect of Arctiin by Attenuating Neuroinflammation via HMGB1/TLR4- and TNF-α/TNFR1-Mediated NF-κB Activation.

Inflammation is a potential factor in the pathophysiology of depression. A traditional Chinese herbal medicine, arctiin, and its aglycone, arctigenin, are the major bioactive components in and exhibit neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Arctigenin has been reported to have antidepressant-like effects.

[Effects of biochar on soil nutrition and microbial community diversity under continuous cultivated cucumber soils in greenhouse].

In this study, we examined the effects of biochar addition on the soil nutrition and microbial community diversity in continuous cultivated cucumber soils, using 95% soils of planting cucumbers for 6 and 10 years mixed with 5% biochar as treatment and no biochar addition as control, all plants cultivated in the pots. The results showed that adding biochar increased per plant yield of cucumber by 11.4% and 62.

Application of blunt dissection in ESD of a gastric submucosal tumor.

We performed endoscopic submucosal dissection of a gastric fundus tumor. It was difficult to strip the tumor completely due to space limitation, and we used blunt dissection to remove the tumor quickly and safely. Firstly, the basal area of the 2.