siRNA nanoparticle targeting Usp20 lowers lipid levels and ameliorates metabolic syndrome in mice.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is closely correlated with elevated low density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In feeding state, glucose and insulin activate mammalian target of rapamycin 1 that phosphorylates the deubiquitylase ubiquitin-specific peptidase 20 (USP20). USP20 then stabilizes HMG-CoA reductase, thereby increasing lipid biosynthesis.

Bile acids-mediated intracellular cholesterol transport promotes intestinal cholesterol absorption and NPC1L1 recycling.

Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) is essential for intestinal cholesterol absorption. Together with the cholesterol-rich and Flotillin-positive membrane microdomain, NPC1L1 is internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and transported to endocytic recycling compartment (ERC). When ERC cholesterol level decreases, NPC1L1 interacts with LIMA1 and moves back to plasma membrane.

Inhibition of ASGR1 decreases lipid levels by promoting cholesterol excretion.

High cholesterol is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Currently, no drug lowers cholesterol through directly promoting cholesterol excretion. Human genetic studies have identified that the loss-of-function Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) variants associate with low cholesterol and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.

Ablation of Plasma Prekallikrein Decreases Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol by Stabilizing Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor and Protects Against Atherosclerosis.

Background: High blood cholesterol accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis, which is an asymptomatic process lasting for decades. Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques induces thrombosis, which results in myocardial infarction or stroke. Lowering cholesterol levels is beneficial for preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Feeding induces cholesterol biosynthesis via the mTORC1-USP20-HMGCR axis.

Cholesterol is an essential lipid and its synthesis is nutritionally and energetically costly. In mammals, cholesterol biosynthesis increases after feeding and is inhibited under fasting conditions. However, the regulatory mechanisms of cholesterol biosynthesis at the fasting-feeding transition remain poorly understood.

IDOL G51S Variant Is Associated With High Blood Cholesterol and Increases Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Degradation.

Objective: A high level of LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The E3 ubiquitin ligase named IDOL (inducible degrader of the LDLR [LDL receptor]; also known as MYLIP [myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein]) mediates degradation of LDLR through ubiquitinating its C-terminal tail. But the expression profile of IDOL differs greatly in the livers of mice and humans.

[Preparation of Rhus chinensis total phenolic acid pellets by extrusion-spheronisation method].

Extrusion-spheronisation method was used to prepare Rhus chinensis total phenolic acid pellets. The formula and preparation of R. chinensis total phenolic acid pellets were optimized.

[Intestinal absorption of phenolic acids in Rhus chinensis extracts by in situ single-pass perfusion model in rats].

The intestinal absorption properties of four main effective components(gallic acid, ocinolglucoside, ethyl gallate and penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose) in Rhus chinensis extracts were investigated by in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model in rats. The liquid accumulation of perfusion was corrected by gravimetry. The HPLC method was established to determine the concentration of the four effective components in the intestinal perfusion.

[Overview of chronic myelogenous leukemia and its current diagnosis and treatment patterns in 15 hospitals in China.].

Objective: To explore demographic characteristics, current diagnosis and treatment patterns of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients in China.

Methods: Data of hospitalized CML patients in 2005 whole year and outpatient information (July 1 through September 30, 2006) from 15 hospitals throughout China were analyzed.

Results: A total of 1824 CML cases were analyzed, including 722 inpatients and 1102 outpatients.

[Tryptase relation to VEGF in acute leukemia].

In order to investigate the role of tryptase in angiogenesis of acute leukemia (AL), the expressions of tryptase and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in leukemic cells from 61 patients with AL were examined by using immunocytochemical method, and the correlation between tryptase and VEGF was analyzed. The results showed that tryptase positive expression was found in 15 out of 51 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (M(1) 1/3, M(2) 7/15, M(3) 5/20, M(5) 2/8). Tryptase positive expression was 29.