Tankyrases inhibit innate antiviral response by PARylating VISA/MAVS and priming it for RNF146-mediated ubiquitination and degradation.

During viral infection, sensing of viral RNA by retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs) initiates an antiviral innate immune response, which is mediated by the mitochondrial adaptor protein VISA (virus-induced signal adaptor; also known as mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein [MAVS]). VISA is regulated by various posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as polyubiquitination, phosphorylation, -linked β-d--acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation), and monomethylation. However, whether other forms of PTMs regulate VISA-mediated innate immune signaling remains elusive.

Downregulation of ATP1A1 Expression by (Burk.) F.H. Chen Saponins: A Potential Mechanism of Antitumor Effects in HepG2 Cells and .

The Na/K-ATPase α1 subunit (ATP1A1) is a potential target for hepatic carcinoma (HCC) treatment, which plays a key role in Na/K exchange, metabolism, signal transduction, etc. , we found that saponins (PNS) could inhibit tumor growth and significantly downregulate the expression and phosphorylation of ATP1A1/AKT/ERK in tumor-bearing mice. Our study aims to explore the potential effects of PNS on the regulation of ATP1A1 and the possible mechanisms of antitumor activity.

Acute neuroinflammation increases excitability of prefrontal parvalbumin interneurons and their functional recruitment during novel object recognition.

There is an emerging body of literature suggesting that unlike the chronic neuroinflammatory response, acute neuroinflammation is self-regulated and is beneficial for central nervous system homeostasis and cognitive integrity. However, the neurophysiological alterations upon acute neuroinflammation and their implications on cognitive function remain poorly understood. In the present study, we reliably established a mouse model of acute and self-limiting neuroinflammation by administering a single intraperitoneal injection of low-dose lipopolysaccharide, which induced reversible sickness behavior and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).

Diterpenoids from Euphorbia neriifolia and Their Related Anti-HIV and Cytotoxic Activity.

Fifteen diterpenoids (1-15), including three undescribed ones with ent-atisane skeleton, eupnerias G-I (1-3), were obtained from Euphorbia neriifolia. Compounds 1-3 were established through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 4 and 5 exhibited obvious anti-HIV-1 effect, and their EC were 6.

[Preclinical evaluation of pseudoallergic reactions on Chinese herbal injections: study on animal strain and gender difference].

Pseudoallergic reactions occured after the first administration of patients, and the pathogenic mechanisms of them were different from the allergic reactions which needed excitation after antigen sensitization. To provide a basis for evaluation, clinical use and drug development of pseudoallergic reactions, the models were established by two kinds of Chinese herbal injections (CHI) both on different strain or gender mice. With the use of ICR, Kunming, BALB/C, C57 mice, pseudoallergic tests of two CHI were conducted to compare the sensitivity of four strains mice, and compared the differences in male and female animals.