Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf water extract attenuates type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis, lipopolysaccharide elevation and endocannabinoid system disorder.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf is a well-known herbal medicine and has been used to treat diabetes in China for thousands of years. Our previous studies have proven mulberry leaf water extract (MLWE) could improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

In vitro validation: GLY alleviates UV-induced corneal epithelial damage through the HMGB1-TLR/MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway.

UV-induced corneal damage is a common ocular surface injury that usually leads to corneal lesions causing persistent inflammation. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is identified as an inflammatory alarm in various tissue injuries. Here, this study first evaluates the repair effect of the HMGB1-selective inhibitor GLY in UV-induced corneal damage; Secondly, the inhibitory effect of GLY on UV-induced corneal damage induced inflammation and the potential therapeutic mechanism of GLY were studied.

Inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition augments antitumor efficacy of nanotherapeutics in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Intrinsic drug resistance mechanisms of tumor cells often reduce intracellular drug concentration to suboptimal levels. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a pivotal process in tumor progression and metastasis that confers an aggressive phenotype as well as resistance to chemotherapeutics. Therefore, it is imperative to develop novel strategies and identify new targets to improve the overall efficacy of cancer treatment.

Mulberry leaf water extract alleviates type 2 diabetes in mice via modulating gut microbiota-host co-metabolism of branched-chain amino acid.

Elevations in circling branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) levels associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Morus alba L. water extracts (MLE) show hypoglycemic function, but the precise mechanism remains obscure.

Rab31 promotes metastasis and cisplatin resistance in stomach adenocarcinoma through Twist1-mediated EMT.

Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death globally. Metastasis and drug resistance are two major causes of failures in current chemotherapy. Here, we found that the expression of Ras-related protein 31 (Rab31) is upregulated in human STAD tissues and high expression of Rab31 is closely associated with poor survival time.

Effects of , and polymorphisms on plasma concentration of valproic acid in Chinese epilepsy patients.

To evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms and plasma concentration-to-dose ratio of valproic acid (CDRV) in Chinese epileptic patients. A total of 46 epileptic patients treated with valproic acid therapy were enrolled. 18 SNPs in nine genes related to valproic acid were directly sequenced with Sanger methods.

A simple and easy non-derivatization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of valproic acid, gabapentin, pregabalin, and vigabatrin in human plasma.

Immunoassays are currently not available in commercial kits for the quantification of valproic acid, vigabatrin, pregabalin, and gabapentin, which also cannot suffer the limitations of interferences of substances with similar structures. Chromatography is a good alternative to immunoassay. In this study, a simple and robust non-derivatization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of the above four drugs in human plasma was developed and validated for therapeutic drug monitoring purposes.

The circular RNA hsa_circ_0003091 regulates sepsis-induced lung injury by sponging the miR-149/Smad2 axis.

Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe cause of death. Increasing evidence has identified circular RNAs (circRNAs) acting as critical regulators of human diseases. However, their expression pattern and underlying mechanisms in ALI remain unclear.

Development and evaluation of a simple and easy high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet system simultaneously suitable for determination of 24 anti-epileptic drugs in plasma.

We aim to establish a simple and easy high-performance liquid chromatography system coupled with an ultraviolet detector suitable for simultaneous determination of 24 antiepileptic drugs in human plasma. Optimized chromatographic separation was performed on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus-C18 (4.6 × 150 mm , 3.

Development of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers with double templates for the rapid and selective determination of carbamazepine and lamotrigine in serum.

A dual-template magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (Dt-MMIP) with a specific recognition capability for carbamazepine (CBZ) and lamotrigine (LTG) was synthesized using methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethylmethacrylate as a cross-linking agent. A magnetic non-molecularly imprinted polymer without templates (MNIP) was also prepared using the same procedure. The prepared polymers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and adsorption experiments.

Amelioration of lipid accumulations and metabolism disorders in differentiation and development of 3T3-L1 adipocytes through mulberry leaf water extract.

Background: Obesity is a worldwide problem that resulted from the excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue, leading to the impairment of individual health. Mulberry leaf is an important traditional Chinese medicine and has been used to alleviate obesity for a long term. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated yet.

Morus alba L. water extract changes gut microbiota and fecal metabolome in mice induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet plus low-dose streptozotocin.

Gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Mulberry leaf has a hypoglycemic effect, but the potential mechanism is not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the influences and potential mechanisms of mulberry leaf water extract (MLWE) intervention on mice with T2D induced through a high-fat and high-sucrose diet combined with streptozotocin by the combination of fecal metabolomics and gut microbiota analysis.

Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of isolates recovered from Inner Mongolia and Yunnan revealed three new endolichenic fungal species.

Lichens are the result of a symbiotic interaction between fungi (mycobionts) and algae (phycobionts). Aside from mycobionts, lichen thalli can also contain non-lichenised fungal species, such as lichenicolous and endolichenic fungi. For this study, three surveys were conducted in China's Yunnan Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region between 2017 and 2020.

Facile synthesis of porous CoO nanoflakes as an interlayer for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries.

The "shuttle effect" of long-chain polysulfides and the low conductivity of elemental sulfur lead to the inferior cycling stability of lithium-sulfur batteries and imped their practical applications. Herein, CoO nanoflakes with uniform macro pores distribution were synthesized via facile oil bath and calcination methods. Coupled with super P and coated on common polypropylene separators, they were expected to hinder the migration of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and accelerate the redox kinetics of polysulfides.

Iron-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as Platform for HS Selective Conversion: Structure-Dependent Desulfurization Activity.

Three classical Fe-MOFs, viz., MIL-100(Fe), MIL-101(Fe), and MIL-53(Fe), were synthesized to serve as platforms for the investigation of structure-activity relationship and catalytic mechanism in the selective conversion of HS to sulfur. The physicochemical properties of the Fe-MOFs were characterized by various techniques.

In situ synthesis and electrochemical performance of MoO nanobelts as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

MoO nanobelts with different concentrations of oxygen vacancies were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal process. XPS test results show that oxygen vacancies are distributed from the exterior to the interior of the MoO nanobelts. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, MoO-10 releases excellent rate capacitance.

Off-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry for the biotransformation kinetics of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract by diabetic rat liver microsomes.

Ginkgo biloba leaves extract (GBE), one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicines worldwide, can be used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, its biotransformation in liver is not fully known under the state of DM. In this study, an off-line hydrophilic interaction × reversed-phase two-dimensional liquid chromatography (HILIC × RP 2D-LC) system coupled with diode array detection (DAD) and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (q/TOF-MS) was established for the qualification and quantification of the biotransformation of GBE in normal and diabetic rat liver microsomes (RLMs).

Amino-Modified Fe-Terephthalate Metal-Organic Framework as an Efficient Catalyst for the Selective Oxidation of HS.

Classical amino-functionalized Fe-terephthalate metal-organic framework NH-MIL-53(Fe) and its parent framework MIL-53(Fe) were prepared via simple hydrothermal methods. The catalytic performaces of these two Fe-MOFs were explored for the selective oxidation of HS. The physicochemical properties of the fresh and used Fe-MOFs catalysts were investigated by XRD, BET, SEM, FT-IR, CO-TPD, and XPS techniques.

Mechanisms of rice straw biochar effects on phosphorus sorption characteristics of acid upland red soils.

An important pathway for biochar to alter the availability of soil phosphorus (P) is to change P sorption characteristics of the soil. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms of biochar effects on P sorption in acid upland red soils in the presence of different concentrations of exogenous P. Rice straw biochar (RSB) was prepared and applied at rates of 0, 1%, 3%, and 5% (w/w) to three red soils (MZ, MZ, and QY) differing in initial pH (pH = 4.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 regulates the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via pathways involving reactive oxygen species.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 (eIF5A2) has been identified as a critical gene in tumor metastasis. Research has suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as signaling molecules in cancer cell proliferation and migration. However, the mechanisms linking eIF5A2 and ROS are not fully understood.

Simultaneous determination of baicalin, oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide and wogonoside in rat plasma by UPLC-DAD and its application in pharmacokinetics of pure baicalin, Radix Scutellariae and Yinhuang granule.

A novel UPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of baicalin (baicalein-7-glucuronide, BG), oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide (OAG) and wogonoside (WG) in rat plasma using rutin as the internal standard. Plasma samples were precipitated using acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid.

Screening for Potential Bioactive Components in Ginkgo biloba Extract by the Rat Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Extraction and LC-MS/MS.

Rat renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) cultured with high glucose has been used to observe the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) against diabetic nephropathy (DN). The compounds in GBE binding with cell membrane or entering into cell are still unknown, which may be potential bioactive components. In this paper, a powerful method for screening and analyzing the potential bioactive components from GBE was developed using cell extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Evaluation of sample preparation and chromatographic separation for the parallel determination of taurine and edaravone in rat tissues using HILIC-MS/MS.

The quantitative analysis of taurine and edaravone in biological sample is critical in pharmaceutical studies. Although each of them can be individually analyzed by different approaches, concurrent quantification is still a highly challenging task with respect to their great polarity variation and the complex composition of tissue sample. In the present study, to simultaneously determine taurine and edaravone in rat tissue, the sample preparation and chromatographic separation conditions were evaluated and discussed in detail.

Study on the interaction of plasma protein binding rate between edaravone and taurine in human plasma based on HPLC analysis coupled with ultrafiltration technique.

In this work, two high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assays were developed and validated for the independent determination of edaravone and taurine using 3-methyl-1-p-tolyl-5-pyrazolone and L-glutamine as internal standards. In in vitro experiments, human plasma was separately spiked with a mixture of edaravone and taurine, edaravone or taurine alone. Plasma was precipitated with acetonitrile containing 0.

Two complementary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods to study the excretion and metabolic interaction of edaravone and taurine in rats.

In this study, two independent and complementary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were respectively developed and validated for the determination of edaravone or taurine in rat urine, feces and bile after intravenous administration, using 3-methyl-l-p-tolyl-5-pyrazolone and sulfanilic acid as the internal standards (IS). Edaravone was separated on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (100×2.1 mm, 3.