Over-expression of human carcinoma-associated antigen in intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the expression status of human carcinoma antigen (HCA) in human cholangiocellular carcinomas, and to determine the relationship between HCA and clinical features.

Methods: Tissues from 60 intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC) patients, and normal liver tissues from 20 hepatic hemangioma patients selected randomly were assayed for the expression of HCA by immunohistochemistry, and Western blots. Areas of poorly differentiated (n=20), moderately-well differentiated (n=30), highly differentiated tumors (n=10) from different cases were evaluated.

[Studies on simultaneous detection of four foodborneviruses by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction].

Objective: To establish a method for simultaneous detection of norovirus (NV), rotavirus (RV), astrovirus (AV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Methods: Specific primers of the four viruses were designed based on the high conserved sequences, the reaction system and conditions optimized and the specificity and sensitivity confirmed. The method was then applied to detect the four viruses in clinical samples.

[Development of noroviruses].

Noroviruses (NVs) were one of the new borne viruses, which was found firstly in the Unit States of America in 1972 and reported in China in 1995. The main food-borne viral pathogens affect people badly and cause the epidemic acute gastroenteritis in all kinds of people. And to this day, however, no cell lines and animal models have been found, which has hampered the study of these viruses.

[Study on rotavirus detection with single-tube seminested RT-PCR method in shellfish].

Being a foodborne virus, Rotavirus was often carried by shellfish. At the present, RT-PCR was the most effective method of Rotavirus detection in shellfish, but its sensitivity was low because of low levels of virus contamination and PCR inhibitors in shellfish. So contaminated shellfish experimentally in laboratory, and imitated the natural environment to concentrate Rotavirus, then detected by the developed single-tube seminested RT-PCR.