KF-catalyzed direct thiomethylation of carboxylic acids with DMSO to access methyl thioesters.

With dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the methylthio source, a KF-catalyzed strategy was employed for the direct thiomethylation of carboxylic acids with DMSO for the preparation of methyl thioesters. In this process, a wide range of methyl thioesters were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. This novel strategy features the first use of DMSO as a methylthiolating agent for the construction of methyl thioesters, transition metal-free conditions, inexpensive reagents, easy workup, broad substrate scope and sustainability.

[Chemical constituents and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of seeds of Moringa oleifera].

The chemical constituents of the seeds of Moringa oleifera were isolated and purified by using Sephadex LH-20, Toyo-pearl HW-40F, silica gel, ODS, and MCI column chromatography. The structures of compounds were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry, ~1H-NMR, ~(13)C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC, and ~1H-~1H COSY, as well as physicochemical properties of compounds and literature data. Twelve compounds were isolated from 30% ethanol fraction of the seeds of M.

Six New Phenolic Glycosides from the Seeds of Lam. and Their -Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity.

Plant-derived phytochemicals have recently drawn interest in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). The seeds of Lam. are widely used in food and herbal medicine for their health-promoting properties against various diseases, including DM, but many of their effective constituents are still unknown.

Cinnamigones A-C, three highly oxidized guaiane-type sesquiterpenes with neuroprotective activity from Cinnamomum migao.

Cinnamigones A-C, three undescribed highly oxidized guaiane-type sesquiterpenes were isolated from the fruits of Cinnamomum migao. Cinnamigone A (1), structurally artemisinin-like, is a natural 1,2,4-trioxane caged endoperoxide with an unprecedented tetracyclic 6/6/7/5 ring system. Compounds 2-3 are classic guaiane sesquiterpene featuring different epoxy units.

Dedifferentiated Schwann cell-derived TGF-β3 is essential for the neural system to promote wound healing.

Wound healing is among the most complicated physiological processes and requires the synchronization of various cell types with distinct roles to re-establish the condition of the original skin. Patients affected by peripheral neuropathies often experience failure to heal. Loss of Schwann cells (SCs), a crucial population of peripheral nervous system cells in skin, may contribute to chronic wounds.

Potential antiplatelet aggregation metabolites from the discarded sorghum ( L.) root.

Sorghum ( L.) is the fifth largest crop in the world and has potential health benefits, but vast quantities of sorghum roots are discarded after harvest. Based on the previous antiplatelet aggregation for this species, two new -substituted 3-indole alkaloids sorghumine A () and sorghumine B (), together with 14 known compounds (), were found from the water extract of sorghum roots.

Role of Mitophagy in the Pathogenesis of Stroke: From Mechanism to Therapy.

Mitochondria can supply adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the tissue, which can regulate metabolism during the pathologic process and is also involved in the pathophysiology of neuronal injury after stroke. Recent studies have suggested that selective autophagy could play important roles in the pathophysiological process of stroke, especially mitophagy. It is usually mediated by the PINK1/Parkin-independent pathway or PINK1/Parkin-dependent pathway.

Antihyperuricemia and antigouty arthritis effects of Persicaria capitata herba in mice.

Background: Hyperuricemia (HUA) is an important risk factor for gout, renal dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. The whole plant of Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham.

[A new macrocyclic phenolic glycoside from Sorghum vulgare root].

Eleven compounds were isolated and purified from Sorghum vulgare root extract, through column chromatography over silica gel, MCI gel, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were established by MS, 1 D NMR and 2 D NMR data as sorgholide A(1), β-sitosterol(2), stigmastero(3), daucosterol(4), 4-methoxycinnamic acid(5), taxiphyllin(6), chlorogenic acid(7), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(8), succini acid(9), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid(10), obtusalin(11). Compounds 4,5 and 9-11 were reported from this species for the first time, and compound 1 is the first 24 ring dimeric double lactonol glycoside formed by reverse polymerization of p-hydroxyphenylacetate glucoside, named sorgholide A.

The PI3Kα inhibitor DFX24 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer via ERK inhibition and EPHB6 reactivation.

EPHB6 is a metastasis inhibitory gene that is frequently decreased or deficiency in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which contributed to the subsequent development of distant metastasis. These suggested the possibility that reactivation of EPHB6 might prevent the metastasis of NSCLC. Nevertheless, EPHB6 expression might also promote cancer cell growth and inhibit cell apoptosis by activating Akt and ERK pathway, apart from inhibition of migration and invasion.

Factors Related to the Post-operative Recurrence of Atypical Meningiomas.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics of atypical meningiomas (AM) and its post-operative recurrence. The clinicopathological characteristics and findings from follow up were retrospectively reviewed and compared between AM and benign meningioma (BM) patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to identify the factors related to the post-operative recurrence of AM.

Two new dihydroisocoumarins with antimicrobial activities from the fungus sp. XR046 collected from Xinren coal area.

Two new dihydroisocoumarins ( and ), together with six known compounds (), were isolated from the fungus sp. XR046 collected from the Xinren coal area of Guizhou province in China. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.

Structural Diversity of Six Coordination Polymers Based on the Designed X-Shaped Ligand 1,1,1,1-Tetrakis[(3-pyridiniourea)methyl]methane.

In this study, six coordination polymers (CPs), {[Ag₂(L)(CF₃SO₃)]·CF₃SO₃·2H₂O·DMF} (), {[Ag(L)]·SbF₆·4DMF·H₂O} (), {[Zn(L)(I)₂]·3.75H₂O} (), {[Cd₂(L)(I)₄(H₂O)(DMF)]·4H₂O·3DMF} (), {[Hg₂(L)(I)₄]·H₂O·4DMF} () and {[Hg₂(L)(Cl)₄]·2H₂O·3DMF} (), were obtained based on the designed X-shaped urea-based ligand. X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis revealed that complex displayed a 3D (3,4)-connected {6·8²}{6⁴·8²}- net.

1α,2α-Epoxy-3β-hydroxy oleanolic acid derivatives regulation of the metabolism, haemolysis and β-lactamase gene expression in vitro and their structure-microbicidal activity relationship.

Oleanolic acid (OA), one of the major pentacyclic triterpenes abundantly present in nature, is a promising compound with various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, fungicidal and antiparasitic properties. Therefore, a series of derivatives of 1α,2α-epoxy-3β-hydroxyl oleanolic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their antibacterial activities were investigated in vitro. Based on these results, the compounds with antibacterial activity were screened by RT-PCR to determine whether they can regulate the expression of genes related to metabolism, haemolysis, and β-lactamase in vitro, and the structure-microbicidal activity relationship of each compound was analyzed.

[Chemical constituents from medical and edible plants of Rosa roxburghii].

Rosa roxburghii, a kind of the medical and edible plants belonging to the Rosaceae family, is widely distributed in the southwest districts of China, especially Guizhou province. Now, by reason of the extensive bioactivities, the plant is widely used in the field of food, health product, drug, and so on. In the course of our continuing search for the bioactive constituents, thirteen compounds were isolated from R.

Combating against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - two fatty acids from Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) exhibit synergistic effects with erythromycin.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to identify the active ingredients from Portulaca oleracea L. (PO) that could provide synergism with antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and their possible mechanisms of resistance inhibition.

Methods: High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and a panel of laboratory MRSA strains were used for checkerboard and efflux inhibitory assays.

The mechanism of hemifacial spasm: a new understanding of the offending artery.

Although neurovascular confliction was believed to be the cause of hemifacial spasm (HFS), the mechanism of the disorder remains unclear to date. Current theories, merely focusing on the facial nerve, have failed to explain the clinical phenomenon of immediate relief following a successful microvascular decompression surgery (MVD). With the experience of thousands of microvascular decompression surgeries and preliminary investigations, we have learned that the offending artery may play a more important role than the effect of merely mechanical compression in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Microvascular decompression for the patient with painful tic convulsif after Bell palsy.

Painful tic convulsif is referred to as the concurrent trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. However, painful tic convulsif after ipsilateral Bell palsy has never been reported before. We report a case of a 77-year-old woman with coexistent trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm who had experienced Bell palsy half a year ago.

Two new coumarin glycosides from Chimonanthus nitens.

Two new coumarin glycosides, namely nitensosides A-B (1-2), together with six known compounds, scopolin (3), 5,6,7-trimethoxycoumarin (4), d-calycanthine (5), calycanthoside (6), xeroboside (7), and scopoletin (8), were isolated from Chimonanthus nitens. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of IR, MS, and NMR spectroscopic data. Compounds 3, 4, 7, and 8 showed moderate inhibitory activity against Micrococcus luteus.

Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm.

Objective: Although microvascular decompression (MVD) has been accepted as effective therapy for hemifacial spasm, failed surgery has been reported frequently. For a sophisticated neurosurgeon, an apparent offending artery is seldom missed. However, it is still an embarrassed situation when the neurovascular conflict site could not be approached.

[Efficacy evaluation of acupoints massage on asthenopia of video display terminal under different exposure dose].

Objective: To observe the efficacy differences of acupoints massage for asthenopia of video display terminal (VDT) under different exposure dose.

Methods: One hundred and two cases (204 eyes) were divided into a low exposure group and a high exposure group, fifty-one cases in each group. The same intervention of acupoints massage on Cuanzhu (BL 2), Jingming (BL 1), Sizhukong (TE 23), Sibai (ST 2) and Taiyang(EX-HN 5) were given to the two groups, one acupoint for 5 min and once everyday, one month of which made a course.

The role of autonomic nervous system in the pathophysiology of hemifacial spasm.

Objectives: Despite the vascular compression of the seventh cranial nerve has been verified by the microvascular decompression surgery as the cause of hemifacial spasm (HFS), the mechanism of the disease is still unknown. We believe that the autonomic nervous system in adventitia of the offending artery may contribute to the HFS. To prove our hypothesis, we performed an experiment in SD rats.

Microvascular decompression on patients with trigeminal neuralgia caused by ectatic vertebrobasilar artery complex: technique notes.

Background: Due to its anatomical features, the vertebrobasilar artery complex (VBA) seldom contributes to the neurovascular conflict in patient with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, once it offends the trigeminal root, this large artery is really difficult to manipulate during microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery. Therefore, the surgical strategy for such cases needs to be detailed in order to obtain a satisfactory outcome.