Evolutionary Modes of wtf Meiotic Driver Genes in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Killer meiotic drivers are a class of selfish genetic elements that bias inheritance in their favor by destroying meiotic progeny that do not carry them. How killer meiotic drivers evolve is not well understood. In the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the largest gene family, known as the wtf genes, is a killer meiotic driver family that causes intraspecific hybrid sterility.

Uncovering the key pharmacodynamic material basis and possible molecular mechanism of extract of Epimedium against liver cancer through a comprehensive investigation.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Liver cancer is a worldwide malignant tumor, and currently lacks effective treatments. Clinical studies have shown that epimedium (YYH) has therapeutic effects on liver cancer, and some of its prenylflavonoids have demonstrated anti-liver cancer activity through multiple mechanisms. However, there is still a need for systematic research to uncover the key pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of YYH.

A new cyclohexenone derivative from sp. XM-01.

A new cyclohexenone derivative, phomopine (), together with five known compounds () were isolated from sp. XM-01. The structure of was determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation.

The effects of hypothermia on glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism during ischemia in monkeys: a repeated-measures ANOVA study.

During an ischemic stroke, the brain releases various factors, including glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid. Glutamate can cause neurotoxic effects through certain receptors and exacerbate neurological damage, while γ-aminobutyric acid as an inhibitory neurotransmitter can antagonize the excitotoxic effects of glutamate and enhance the tolerance of neurons to ischemia. Therefore, in this study, the content of amino acid neurotransmitters in brain tissue before ischemia, after 10 min of ischemia, hypothermic perfusion, and rewarming were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-UV in an animal model of ischemic stroke generated by blocking the bilateral common carotid arteries of rhesus monkeys.

Secondary Metabolites from sp. and Structural Revision of Emericellins A and B.

Seven previously undescribed compounds were isolated from the endophytic fungus sp. KYG-19 (family Xylariaceae), including three gymnomitrane-type sesquiterpenes xylariacinols A, B, and D (, , and ), one bisabolane-type sesquiterpene annulnol F (), one phenol derivative lariacinol G (), and two polyhydroxy compounds hypoxylonols H and I ( and ), together with two known gymnomitrane-type sesquiterpenes emericellin A () and 3-gymnomitren-15-ol (). The assignments of their structures was determined by extensive spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis, acetonide analysis, Mosher's method, and X-ray crystallography.

An improved auxin-inducible degron system for fission yeast.

Conditional degron technologies, which allow a protein of interest to be degraded in an inducible manner, are important tools for biological research, and are especially useful for creating conditional loss-of-function mutants of essential genes. The auxin-inducible degron (AID) technology, which utilizes plant auxin signaling components to control protein degradation in nonplant species, is a widely used small-molecular-controlled degradation method in yeasts and animals. However, the currently available AID systems still have room for further optimization.

A new cyclopentenone derivative from HH-01.

A new cyclopentenone derivative, atrovinol (), together with ten known compounds () were isolated from HH-01, an endophytic fungus from (Hernandiaceae). Their structures were identified by HRESIMS, 1 D/2D NMR, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compound exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against and with MIC values of 8.

The role of Nrf2/PIWIL2/purine metabolism axis in controlling radiation-induced lung fibrosis.

NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor recently implicated in the control of radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF). However, the molecular mechanism of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of RILF is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the regulatory effect and mechanism of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of RILF.

Nrf2 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) resistance to radiotherapy through the CaMKIIα-associated activation of autophagy.

Background: NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is involved in the radiation resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. The purpose of our study was to explore the role of Nrf2 in the radiation resistance of ESCC and the potential molecular mechanism.

Results: Nrf2 expression was introduced into Ec109 and KYSE-30 ESCC cells with lentivirus.

CRL4Cdt2 ubiquitin ligase regulates Dna2 and Rad16 (XPF) nucleases by targeting Pxd1 for degradation.

Structure-specific endonucleases (SSEs) play key roles in DNA replication, recombination, and repair. SSEs must be tightly regulated to ensure genome stability but their regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the activities of two SSEs, Dna2 and Rad16 (ortholog of human XPF), are temporally controlled during the cell cycle by the CRL4Cdt2 ubiquitin ligase.

Biotransformation of α-terpineol by .

α-Terpineol (1), the main volatile constituent in some traditional Chinese medicines, has been reported to be metabolized to 4-oleuropeic acid by the larvae of common cutworms. The present study verified that α-terpineol could be converted to 4-oleuropeic acid (2) and (1,2,4)--menthane-1,2,8-triol (3) by fermentation. Using shortened fermentation times, 7-hydroxy-α-terpineol (2a) was identified as an oxidative intermediate, which was consistent with the hypothesis put forward by previous studies.

The complete mitochondrial genome of red-throated flycatcher (Passeriformes: Ficedula).

We report the mitochondrial genome of . The overall base composition of mitogenome is 29.49%A, 15.

Systematic analysis reveals the prevalence and principles of bypassable gene essentiality.

Gene essentiality is a variable phenotypic trait, but to what extent and how essential genes can become dispensable for viability remain unclear. Here, we investigate 'bypass of essentiality (BOE)' - an underexplored type of digenic genetic interaction that renders essential genes dispensable. Through analyzing essential genes on one of the six chromosome arms of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we find that, remarkably, as many as 27% of them can be converted to non-essential genes by BOE interactions.

A Cloning-Free Method for CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing in Fission Yeast.

The CRISPR/Cas9 system, which relies on RNA-guided DNA cleavage to induce site-specific DNA double-strand breaks, is a powerful tool for genome editing. This system has been successfully adapted for the fission yeast by expressing Cas9 and the single-guide RNA (sgRNA) from a plasmid. In the procedures published to date, the cloning step that introduces a specific sgRNA target sequence into the plasmid is the most tedious and time-consuming.

Percutaneous Repair Technique for Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture with Assistance of Kirschner Wire.

The aim of this study is to introduce a self-designed, minimally invasive technique for repairing an acute Achilles tendon rupture percutaneously. Comparing with the traditional open repair, the new technique provides obvious advantages of minimized operation-related lesions, fewer wound complications as well as a higher healing rate. However, a percutaneous technique without direct vision may be criticized by its insufficient anastomosis of Achilles tendon and may also lead to the lengthening of the Achilles tendon and a reduction in the strength of the gastrocnemius.

Arabidopsis SMALL ORGAN 4, a homolog of yeast NOP53, regulates cell proliferation rate during organ growth.

Cell proliferation is a fundamental event essential for plant organogenesis and contributes greatly to the final organ size. Although the control of cell proliferation in plants has been extensively studied, how the plant sets the cell number required for a single organ is largely elusive. Here, we describe the Arabidopsis SMALL ORGAN 4 (SMO4) that functions in the regulation of cell proliferation rate and thus final organ size.

Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate memory deficits and reduce amyloid-β deposition in an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly and is characterized by amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss. Cumulative evidence supports that neuroinflammation is an important factor for the pathogenesis of AD and contributes to amyloid beta (Aβ) generation. However, there has been no effective treatment for AD.