Kamikihito, a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, increases the secretion of oxytocin in rats with acute stress.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Kamikihito (KKT) is a Kampo medicine that is prescribed in Japan for the treatment of anemia, insomnia and mental anxiety in Japan. However, its precise mechanism of action remains unclear.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to evaluate the possible antistress effect of KKT in rats with acute stress and the contribution of oxytocin to the process.

High-throughput identification and determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics in human plasma using UPLC-Q-ToF-MS.

Aminoglycosides are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics with several clinical uses. Owing to the ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides, therapeutic drug monitoring is required. This study aimed to devise a high-throughput method for identification and quantitative determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics in human plasma samples using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-ToF-MS).

Elimination of intravenous alendronate by hemodialysis: A kinetic study.

Introduction: The potential utility of intravenous alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in hemodialysis patients was recently reported. However, the pharmacokinetics of intravenous alendronate in patients on hemodialysis is not clear.

Methods: Six hemodialysis patients (mean age, 80.

High-throughput method to analyze tegafur and 5-fluorouracil in human tears and plasma using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

Rationale: We developed a new high-throughput method to analyze tegafur (FT) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in tear and plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)/tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).

Methods: The tear samples (10 μL) spiked with FT, 5-FU, and 5-chlorouracil (internal standard) were diluted using 40 μL of 2 M ammonium acetate and 250 μL of acetonitrile with 2% formic acid; 20 μL of plasma spiked with the two drugs and internal standard was diluted with 80 μL of 2 M ammonium acetate and 500 μL of acetonitrile with 2% formic acid. After centrifugation, the clear supernatant extract (15 μL) was directly injected into the HILIC/MS/MS instrument, and each drug was separated on a Unison UK-Amino column (50 mm × 3 mm i.

High-throughput determination of valproate in human samples by modified QuEChERS extraction and GC-MS/MS.

A new high-throughput method was developed for analysis of valproate in human plasma samples by QuEChERS extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Plasma samples (0.2 ml) spiked with valproate and secobarbital-d (internal standard) were diluted with 1.

Highly sensitive determination of alendronate in human plasma and dialysate using metal-free HPLC-MS/MS.

A highly sensitive method was developed for the analysis of alendronate in human plasma and dialysate using MonoSpin™ SAX extraction and metal-free high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) following methylation with trimethylsilyldiazomethane. The chromatographic separation of the derivatives for alendronate and alendronate-d was achieved on an L-column2 ODS metal-free column (50 mm  ×  2 mm i.d.

Rapid and highly sensitive analysis of benzodiazepines and tandospirone in human plasma by automated on-line column-switching UFLC-MS/MS.

A high-throughput method was developed for the detection of 31 benzodiazepine drugs and tandospirone in human plasma by on-line column-switching ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma samples (100μl) spiked with the 32 drugs and oxazepam-d (internal standard) were diluted with 300μl of 13.3mM ammonium acetate/acetonitrile (33:67, v/v).

Determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human tear and plasma samples using ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Purpose: To evaluate a new rapid and sensitive method for analyzing human tears and plasma for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and investigate the influence of the transfer of NSAIDs in an ocular lesion.

Methods: In this cross-over study, a single dose of 200 mg of ibuprofen and 60 mg of loxoprofen sodium were orally administered to six healthy Japanese subjects. Collected samples were analyzed by ultra-fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS).

High-throughput determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human plasma by HILIC-MS/MS.

A simple and sensitive method was developed and validated here for the analysis of thirteen nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in human plasma samples by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). A small volume of plasma (20μL) spiked with compounds was diluted with 80μL of 10-mM ammonium acetate followed by a simple protein precipitation with 400μL of acetonitrile. After centrifugation, the clear supernatant extract was directly injected into the HILIC-MS/MS, without any solvent evaporation and reconstitution steps.

A new method for quantitative determination of dimemorfan in human plasma using monolithic silica solid-phase extraction tips.

Dimemorfan was extracted from human plasma samples (100 μL) using MonoTip C(18) tips, which were packed with a C(18)-bonded monolithic silica gel attached to the inside of the tip. The samples, which contained dimemorfan and trimeprazine as an internal standard (IS), were mixed with 300 μL of distilled water and 50 μL of 1M glycine-sodium hydroxide buffer (pH 10). The mixture was extracted onto the C(18) phase of the tip by 20 sequential aspirating/dispensing cycles using a manual micropipettor.

Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction for the selective determination of methamphetamine, amphetamine, and methylenedioxyphenylalkylamine designer drugs in human whole blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A novel method is described for the extraction of methamphetamine, amphetamine, and methylenedioxyphenylalkylamine designer drugs, such as 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine, and 3,4-(methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine, from human whole blood using molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction as highly selective sample clean-up technique. Whole blood samples were diluted with 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate (pH 8.6) and applied to a SupelMIP-Amphetamine molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction cartridge.

Determination of dextromethorphan in human plasma using pipette tip solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Dextromethorphan was extracted from human plasma samples (100 μL) using MonoTip C(18) tips, which are packed with C(18)-bonded monolithic silica gel that is attached to the inside of the tip. The samples, which contained dextromethorphan and trimeprazine as an internal standard (IS), were mixed with 200 μL of distilled water and 50 μL of 1 mol/L glycine-sodium hydroxide buffer (pH 10). The mixture was extracted to the C(18) phase of the tip by 20 sequential aspirating/dispensing cycles using a manual micropipettor.

Quantitative determination of phenothiazine derivatives in human plasma using monolithic silica solid-phase extraction tips and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) using micropipette tips is a useful technique to prepare samples prior to mass spectrometry. However, most commercial SPE tips have loading capacities that are insufficient for quantitative determination. In this paper, we describe a rapid method for quantitative microanalysis of five phenothiazine derivatives, chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, promazine, promethazine and trimeprazine, using a recently introduced C(18) monolithic silica SPE tip, the MonoTip C(18), for extraction from human plasma.

Studies on 1-(2-phenethyl)-4-(N-propionylanilino)piperidine (fentanyl) and related compounds VII. Quantification of alpha-methylfentanyl metabolites excreted in rat urine.

The use of chemically modified controlled drugs, called designer drugs, is widespread internationally. In the 1980s, the dominant drugs of abuse were modifications of fentanyl formed by methylation of both the alpha-position of its phenethyl group (alpha-methylfentanyl) and the 3-position of its piperidine ring (3-methylfentanyl). Numerous analytical methods for fentanyl and its analogues, and many studies of its metabolism and major metabolites, have been reported.

Simultaneous determination of some phenothiazine derivatives in human blood by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection.

Chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, promazine, triflupromazine, and trimeprazine were simultaneously determined in human whole blood and plasma by combining headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. Extraction efficiency for the phenothiazine derivatives was 0.013-0.

Pipette tip solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of mequitazine in human plasma.

Mequitazine has been found to be extractable from human plasma samples using MonoTip C(18) tips, inside which C(18)-bonded monolithic silica gel was fixed. Human plasma (0.1mL) containing mequitazine and cyproheptadine as an internal standard (IS) was mixed with 0.

Determination of diazepam and its metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using a hydrophilic polymer column.

Diazepam and its major metabolites, nordazepam, temazepam and oxazepam, in human urine samples, were analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)/tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using a hydrophilic polymer column (MSpak GF-310 4B), which enables direct injection of crude biological samples. Matrix compounds in urine were eluted first from the column, while the target compounds were retained on the polymer stationary phase. The analytes retained on the column were then eluted into an acetonitrile-rich mobile phase using a gradient separation technique.

Determination of tricyclic antidepressants in human plasma using pipette tip solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A method for the simultaneous extraction of four tricyclic antidepressants from human plasma samples using pipette tip SPE with MonoTip C(18) tips is presented. Human plasma (0.1 mL) containing four tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, amoxapine, imipramine, and trimipramine) and an internal standard (IS), protriptyline, was mixed with 0.

Simultaneous determination of beta-blockers in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A detailed procedure for the analysis of four beta-blockers, acebutolol, labetalol, metoprolol and propranolol, in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) using an MSpak GF column, which enables direct injection of crude plasma samples, is presented. Protein and/or macromolecule matrix compounds were eluted first from the column, while the drugs were retained on the polymer stationary phase of the MSpak GF column. The analytes retained on the column were then eluted into an acetonitrile-rich mobile phase using a gradient separation technique.

Pipette tip solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry for the determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human whole blood.

Methamphetamine and amphetamine were extracted from human whole blood samples using pipette tip solid-phase extraction (SPE) with MonoTip C(18) tips, on which C(18)-bonded monolithic silica gel was fixed. Human whole blood (0.1 mL) containing methamphetamine and amphetamine, with N-methylbenzylamine as an internal standard, was mixed with 0.

Simultaneous determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human urine using pipette tip solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Methamphetamine and amphetamine were extracted from human urine samples using pipette tip solid-phase extraction (SPE) with MonoTip C18 tips (pipette tip volume, 200 microl), in which C18-bonded monolithic silica gel was fixed. A sample of human urine (0.5 ml) containing methamphetamine, amphetamine, and N-methylbenzylamine as internal standard (IS), was mixed with 25 microl of 1M sodium hydroxide solution.

Simultaneous determination of selegiline and desmethylselegiline in human body fluids by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A method for the simultaneous determination of selegiline and its metabolite, desmethylselegiline, in human whole blood and urine is presented. The method, which combines a fiber-based headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), required optimization of various parameters (e.g.

Analysis of phenothiazines in human body fluids using disk solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography.

Seven phenothiazine derivatives, perazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, propericiazine, thioproperazine, trifluoperazine, and flupentixol, have been found to be extractable from human plasma and urine samples using disk solid-phase extraction (SPE) with an Empore C18 cartridge. Human plasma and urine (1 mL each) containing the 7 phenothiazine derivatives were mixed with 2 mL of 0.1M NaOH and 7 mL distilled water and then poured into the disk SPE cartridges.

Simultaneous determination of ten antihistamine drugs in human plasma using pipette tip solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Ten antihistamine drugs, diphenhydramine, orphenadrine, chlorpheniramine, diphenylpyraline, triprolidine, promethazine, homochlorcyclizine, cyproheptadine, cloperastine and clemastine, have been found to be extractable from human plasma samples using MonoTip C18 tips, inside which C18- bonded monolithic silica gel was fixed. Human plasma (0.1 mL) containing the ten antihistamines was mixed with 0.

Simple method for determination of triazolam in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

Triazolam was analyzed from human plasma samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with an MSpak GF polymer column (50 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.