Spatio-Temporal Variation in the Phyllospheric Microbial Biodiversity of -Infected Tobacco Foliage.

Phyllospheric microbial composition of tobacco ( L.) is contingent upon certain factors, such as the growth stage of the plant, leaf position, and cultivar and its geographical location, which influence, either directly or indirectly, the growth, overall health, and production of the tobacco plant. To better understand the spatiotemporal variation of the community and the divergence of phyllospheric microflora, procured from healthy and diseased tobacco leaves infected by , the current study employed microbe culturing, high-throughput technique, and BIOLOG ECO.

[Identification and degradation characteristics of a napropamide-degrading bacterium strain].

In order to investigate the microbial degradation mechanism of amide herbicide napropamide and its degradation bioaugmentation in soil, a bacterial strain LGY06 capable of utilizing napropamide as sole carbon and energy source was isolated from a tobacco-planted soil after successive application of napropamide. LGY06 was identified as Bacillus cereus based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and the 16S rDNA homologue sequence analysis. The degradation of napropamide in pure cultures by LGY06 was fitted to the first-order function.

Naturally produced citral can significantly inhibit normal physiology and induce cytotoxicity on Magnaporthe grisea.

Given the importance of finding alternatives to synthetic fungicides, the antifungal effects of natural product citral on six plant pathogenic fungi (Magnaporthe grisea, Gibberella zeae, Fusarium oxysporum, Valsa mali, Botrytis cinerea, and Rhizoctonia solani) were determined. Mycelial growth rate results showed that citral possessed high antifungal activities on those test fungi with EC50 values ranging from 39.52 to 193.

The natural product citral can cause significant damage to the hyphal cell walls of Magnaporthe grisea.

In order to find a natural alternative to the synthetic fungicides currently used against the devastating rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, this study explored the antifungal potential of citral and its mechanism of action. It was found that citral not only inhibited hyphal growth of M. grisea, but also caused a series of marked hyphal morphological and structural alterations.

Dissipation of chlorpyrifos in pakchoi-vegetated soil in a greenhouse.

The dissipation of chlorpyrifos in pakchoi-vegetated soil was investigated in the summer and autumn in a greenhouse and field, respectively. The dissipation of chlorpyrifos in pakchoi-grown soil was comparatively described by fitting the residue data to seven models (1st-order, 1.5th-order, 2nd-order, RF 1st-order, RF 1.

An exploration of the relationship between adsorption and bioavailability of pesticides in soil to earthworm.

A study was conducted to determine the adsorption/desorption of butachlor, myclobutanil and chlorpyrifos on five soils using a batch equilibration technique and to study the relationship between bioavailability to Allolobophora caliginosa and the adsorption/desorption of these three pesticides. The results showed that the adsorption/desorption processes of the tested compounds were mainly controlled by soil organic matter content (OM) and octanol/water-partitioning coefficient (K(ow)), and that the bioavailability of the pesticides was dependent on characteristics of pesticides, properties of soils, and uptake routes of earthworms. Bioconcentration of butachlor and myclobutanil was negatively correlated with Freundlich adsorption constant K(af) and K(df).