Cooperative Cu/Pd-Catalyzed 1,5-Boroacylation of Cyclopropyl-Substituted Alkylidenecyclopropanes.

A Cu/Pd-cocatalyzed 1,5-boroacylation of cyclopropyl-substituted ACPs with Bpin and acid chlorides has been developed. Using cyclopropyl-substituted ACPs as the starting material, a broad range of 1,5-boroacylated products with multiple functional groups was prepared in good yields with excellent regio- and stereoselectively. Both aromatic and aliphatic acid chlorides were tolerated in this reaction.

[Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on learning and memory ability of chronic fatigue syndrome rats and its mechanisms].

Objective: To observe the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on the histomorphological manifestations of hippocampal CA1 region and the expression of extracellular regulatory protein kinase (ERK), cyclic adenosine response element binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) rats, so as to explore the mechanisms of TEAS in improving the learning and memory abilities of CFS rats.

Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group (10 rats) and modeling group (30 rats); then after modeling, they were selected and randomly divided into model group (10 rats) and TEAS group (10 rats). CFS rats model was prepared by sleep deprivation combined with weight-bearing swimming.

Clinical Significance of Different Profiles of anti-Ro Antibodies in Connective Tissue Diseases.

Objective: Anti-Ro60 and anti-Ro52 antibodies are associated with different connective tissue diseases (CTDs). However, the clinical significance of anti-Ro antibodies is not always consistent among different global regions. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with anti-Ro antibodies.

[Discussion on methods for locating Xuehai (SP10) acupoint].

The position of Xuehai (SP10) is clear, but its locating method is vague, resulting in the disunity of clinical application and even possibly affecting the curative effect. Also, when learning the meridians and acupoints, the beginners are often confused by this issue possibly due to: ① when the bone-length proportional measurement combined with anatomic symbol (combination method) was adopted, it is not clear that the patient should take a posture of knee extension or knee flexion; ② when the combination method used, it is difficult to find the highest point of muscle eminence in the case of patient with thin vastus medialis muscle and fuzzy body surface projection; ③the simple method for locating SP10 is widely used at present, can it replace the combination method to locate this acupoint accurately？Guided by these questions, we, in the present paper, reviewed the rela-ted textbooks, works and other literature to explore the standard position of SP10, and the standard and simple methods for locating this acupoint. Comprehending various opinions, we hold that SP10 should be positioned under the extended knee posture, then, the acupoint's horizontal ordinate "2 cun superior to the medial end of the base of the patella" is determined by using bone-length proportional measurement to measure 2 cun from the bottom to the tip of the patella.

Pharmacological treatments for psychotic symptoms in dementia: A systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analysis.

Psychotic symptoms of dementia are highly prevalent and lead to poor medical outcomes and substantial dysfunction. To date, which drug to use remains controversial without a summary of all direct or indirect comparisons of pharmacotherapy. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analysis to examine efficacy and tolerability outcomes of pharmacological treatments in dementia patients.

Role of Blood Pressure Management in Stroke Prevention: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 93 Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background And Purpose: The present study aimed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of different blood pressure (BP)-lowering strategies.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials that compared various antihypertensive treatments and stroke outcomes were included. Eligible trials were categorized into three scenarios: single or combination antihypertensive agents against placebos; single or combination agents against other agents; and different BP-lowering targets.

Associations of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio with intracranial artery stenosis and ischemic stroke.

Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as an inflammatory marker. However, the associations of NLR with intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) and ischemic stroke remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations of NLR with ICAS and ischemic stroke among a large and high-risk population.

Dose-response relationship between blood pressure and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.

Background And Aims: We aimed to explore the association between blood pressure, intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) risks and ICAS burden in the Chinese population.

Methods: A retrospective hospital-based multi-center case-control study with large sample size was conducted. 1055 ICAS patients and 1296 non-ICAS subjects with complete clinical information and intracranial artery evaluation were identified between 2014 and 2019.

Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: a network meta-analysis protocol.

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of dementia are a common issue in dementia patients which can lead to poor medical and functional outcomes. Pharmacological interventions are its treatment of choice. However, whether to use pharmacological treatments in this population and which drug should be preferred remain controversial.

Blood pressure lowering and stroke prevention: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol.

Background: Hypertension is a leading cause of stroke and the significance of blood pressure lowering treatment strategies for prevention of stroke has been well established. Despite the established and widespread use of BP lowering drugs, which one is better for stroke prevention is still debated. This study aimed to determine the most effective and safest blood pressure lowering treatments for stroke prevention among various single and combined therapies.

A Genome-Wide Association Study of α-Synuclein Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid.

α-Synuclein is a 140-amino acid protein produced predominantly by neurons in the brain which plays a role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release, synaptic function, and plasticity, thus making it the focus in understanding the etiology of a group of neurodegenerative diseases. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of α-synuclein levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with 209 non-Hispanic white participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI-1) cohort using a linear regression model to identify novel variants associated with α-synuclein concentration. The minor allele (T) of rs7072338 in the long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1515 (LINC01515) and the minor allele (T) of rs17794023 in clusterin-associated protein 1 (CLUAP1) were associated with higher CSF α-synuclein levels at genome-wide significance (P = 4.

Association of lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 () polymorphisms with late-onset Alzheimer disease in Han Chinese.

Background: Lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1) locates within the area of chromosome 12p, which has been identified as the AD-susceptible region, and plays a role in lipid metabolism. Therefore, it has been suggested to be a good candidate gene for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several SNPs within OLR1 have been reported to have association with AD among Caucasians.

Effect of nuclear factor-κB and angiotensin II receptor type 1 on the pathogenesis of rat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Aim: To investigate the roles of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: Forty-two healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (normal diet), the model group, and the intervention group (10 wk of a high-fat diet feeding, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of PDTC); 6 rats in each group were sacrificed at 6, 10, and 14 wk. After sacrifice, liver tissue was taken, paraffin sections of liver tissue specimens were prepared, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed, and pathological changes in liver tissue (i.

The putaminal abnormalities on 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging: can they separate parkinsonism-predominant multiple system atrophy from Parkinson's disease?

Background: The putaminal abnormalities detected on 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such as putaminal atrophy, slit-like hyperintense rim, and hypointensity in the putamen on T2-weighted (T2W) imaging are important signs on differentiating multiple system atrophy with parkinsonism (MSA-P) from Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the putaminal abnormalities may have different manifestations on 3.

Activation of adenosine receptor potentiates the anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin against amygdala kindled seizures.

Drug resistance in epilepsy is considered as a complicated and multifactorial problem. Poor penetration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) across blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the brain, which results in insufficient level of the drugs at the targeted brain region, has been discussed as one mechanism contributing to pharmacoresistance of epilepsies. Therefore, modulating permeability of BBB is the effective treatment strategy since it facilitates the entry of AEDs into the central nervous system (CNS).

Lack of association between rs597668 polymorphism near EXOC3L2 and late-onset Alzheimer's disease in Han Chinese.

Recently, an international genome-wide association study (GWAS) additionally found rs597668 near EXOC3L2/BLOC1S3/MARK4 was a new genome-wide significance locus associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in Caucasians. Follow-up replication studies were conducted almost exclusively in Caucasians, and the effects of the risk locus in other populations are as yet unknown. This study investigated the GWAS-associated locus near EXOC3L2 in 1205 unrelated Northern Han Chinese subjects comprising 598 LOAD patients and 607 healthy controls matched for gender and age.

Blood clusterin levels, rs9331888 polymorphism, and the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Variants in the clusterin gene have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) through replicated genome-wide studies, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study the association of the AD clusterin common risk polymorphism rs9331888 with blood clusterin levels was tested in 104 AD subjects and 104 healthy controls. Blood clusterin levels were significantly elevated in AD patients (p < 0.

Anticonvulsant effect of unilateral anterior thalamic high frequency electrical stimulation on amygdala-kindled seizures in rat.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an emerging treatment of epilepsy. Anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) is considered to be an attractive target due to its close connection to the limbic structures and wide regions of neocortex. In this study, we examined the effect of unilateral high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the ANT on amygdala-kindled seizures in Wistar rats.

Low-frequency stimulation of bilateral anterior nucleus of thalamus inhibits amygdale-kindled seizures in rats.

Brain stimulation with low-frequency is emerging as an alternative treatment for refractory epilepsy. The anterior nucleus thalamus (ANT) is thought to be a key structure in the circuits of seizure generation and propagation. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of low frequency stimulation (LFS) targeting ANT on amygdala-kindled seizures in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Deep brain stimulation for epilepsy in clinical practice and in animal models.

Given the tremendous success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of movement and neuropsychiatric disorders, clinicians have begun to open up to the possible use of electrical stimulation for the treatment of patients with uncontrolled seizures. DBS of various neural targets has been investigated in clinical studies and animal studies, including the anterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT), cerebellum, hippocampus, subthalamic nucleus (STN), centromedian nucleus of the thalamus (CMT), caudate nucleus (CN). Recently, a large and multicenter trial (SANTE: Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus for Epilepsy) was conducted and subsequently with encouraging results, making ANT the most well-established target for DBS in the treatment of epilepsy to date.

Common variant in GAB2 is associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease in Han Chinese.

Background: GRB-associated binding protein 2 (GAB2) may function as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). A recent large genome-wide association study (GWAS) has identified a significant association of rs10793294 polymorphism within the GAB2 gene with AD in Caucasians. While there are no studies on the association of rs10793294 polymorphism with AD risk in the Chinese population.

NEDD9 is genetically associated with Alzheimer's disease in a Han Chinese population.

Neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally downregulated 9 (NEDD9) has been suspected to be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) through participating in the formation of neurite-like membrane extensions and neurite outgrowth to affect the number of neuronal cells/synapses in the brain under stressful conditions. A recent large-scale, multi-tiered association study has identified significant association of a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs760678 in the NEDD9 gene with predisposition to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in Caucasians. In order to evaluate the involvement of the NEDD9 polymorphism in the risk of sporadic LOAD, we performed an independent case-control association study to analyze the genotype and allele distributions of the NEDD9 rs760678 polymorphism in a Han Chinese population (383 LOAD cases and 369 healthy controls).

Comparison of second-trimester maternal serum free-beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein between normal singleton and twin pregnancies: a population-based study.

Background: The second-trimester maternal serum screening in twin pregnancy is still controversial, as the serum marker levels in twins are not as clear as those in singletons. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the levels of the second-trimester maternal serum free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (free beta-HCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in normal twin and singleton pregnancies and to estimate feasible analysis methods for utilizing these markers in second trimester screening for twin pregnancy.

Methods: On the basis of a prospective population-based study of second-trimester maternal serum screening, the concentrations of maternal serum AFP and free beta-HCG of 195 normal twin pregnancy and 26,512 singleton controls at gestational weeks 15 to 20 were measured by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay in one laboratory.