[The Surgical Effects of Medial Rectus Recession on Divergence Insufficiency Esotropia].

Objective: To study the surgical effects of medial rectus recession (MRR) on divergence insufficiency esotropia (DIE).

Methods: Nine DIE patients who were admitted to and had MRR at Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University between December 2017 and June 2020 were included in this retrospective study. All patients were followed up for 1 year at least.

Effect of positional isomers on the photochromic behaviors of bipyridyltriazolium chloroantimonate hybrids.

Two chloroantimonate hybrids with isomeric bipyridyltriazoliums and similar packing patterns, {[2-bpt]2[(SbCl5)Cl2]}n (1) and {[4-bpt]2[(SbCl5)Cl2]}n (2) (2-bpt2+ = protonated 3,5-bis(pyridine-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole, 4-bpt2+ = protonated 3,5-bis(pyridine-4-yl)-1,2,4-triazole), have been designed and synthesized. Distinct intermolecular electronic interactions and photochromic behaviors are attributed to the remarkable modulation of positional isomeric effect on the electron deficiency of the acceptors and donor-acceptor matching relationship. 1 is the first reported photochromic chloroantimonate hybrid.

The efficacy of superior oblique posterior tenectomy in the treatment of A-pattern exotropia without ocular intorsion: A retrospective study.

Background: Superior oblique weakening is a common method to treat A-pattern strabismus. This study aims to evaluate the surgical results of the bilateral superior oblique posterior tenectomy procedure to treat A-pattern strabismus patients who had bilateral superior oblique overaction without objective ocular intorsion.

Methods: The records of 18 consecutive patients who underwent surgery of superior oblique posterior tenectomy close to its insertion with superior oblique overaction (SOOA)-associated A-pattern strabismus between September 1, 2015 and August 31, 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.

[An Analysis of Combustion Emission Spectrum and Combustion Products of KClO4/Zr in the Quartz Tubes].

Aiming at understanding the light radiation properties of KClO4/Zr combusting under different conditions, emission spectrum and combustion products for KClO4/Zr combusting in open air and closed quartz tubes were studied respectively. Energy distribution of the light radiation signal and the emission intensity evolution with time were measured with fiber optic spectrometer, and photo-diode and oscilloscope. Spectral efficiency within (590±10), (750±10) and (808±10) nm were analyzed respectively according to the obtained flame emission spectrum.

Enlargement of the superior rectus and superior oblique muscles causes intorsion in Graves' eye disease.

Purpose: To review the prevalence of preoperative and postoperative intorsion in patients with strabismus and Graves' eye disease (GED), and to correlate the intorsion with coexisting superior rectus (SR) and superior oblique (SO) muscle enlargement as a possible mechanism causing intorsion in these patients.

Methods: Charts of consecutive patients with GED who underwent strabismus surgery between 1 January 2010 and 1 April 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, patients with orbital CT or MRI scan were identified for further analysis.

The peripheral cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist VD60 efficiently inhibits carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated hepatic fibrosis progression.

This study investigated a peripheral selective CB₁ antagonist 3,4,22-3-demethoxycarbonyl-3-hydroxylmethyl-4-deacetyl-vindoline 3,4-thionocarbonate (VD60) that efficiently inhibited hepatic fibrosis with lower psychological side effects. A competitive radiolabeled ligand binding experiment and 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-driven luciferase analysis were performed to evaluate the antagonistic activity of VD60. Cell viability and collagen production were examined in the human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line LX-2 and primary cultured rat HSCs.

[Timing of surgery for congenital esotropia].

Congenital esotropia is defined as an esotropia before the age of 6 months, because of its early onset and often constant angle, it cause heavier binocular visual function damage compared with other types of strabismus. Early surgery can improve binocular visual function, but demand reliable, accurate measurements which is difficult to achieve in children, and it may increase the risk of second surgery, amblyopia and anesthesia. Late surgery can gain reliable strabismus angle, but it reduced the likelihood of recovery binocular visual function, and the contracture of medial rectus after a long time esotropia increased mechanical limitation of adduction.

[Integrated therapy of congenital cataract to prevent blindness and low vision].

Congenital cataract is a major cause of treatable blindness in the pediatric population worldwide. Advances in microsurgical techniques have significantly increased the success rate of surgery. However, visual rehabilitation outcomes are not always satisfactory even after a successful surgery.

Astaxanthin attenuates the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in db/db mice by inhibition of oxidative stress.

Diabetic retinopathy is a common diabetic eye disease caused by changes in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). It is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease, which affects up to 80% of all patients who have had diabetes for 10 years or more. The genetically diabetic db/db mouse, as a model of type-2 diabetes, shows diabetic retinopathy induced by apoptosis of RGCs.

Cannabinoid receptor 1 blockade protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative injury.

Background: Because oxidative stress is assumed to be a key mechanism in the pathological process of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), increasing numbers of studies have focused on discovering new pathways and treatments for reducing oxidative damage. Our work investigates the potential role of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) in oxidative stress of primary human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, a cellular model of AMD.

Methods: Primary human RPE cells were cultured and exposed to hydrogen peroxide for 24 h to induce oxidative damage.

[The progress of intermittent exotropia].

Intermittent exotropia is a type of strabismus between exophoria and constant exotropia. The onset age is usually one to four years old. Different from other types of strabismus, intermittent exotropia patient can maintain normal binocular vision in a long period of time.

[Surgical treatment of myopic strabismus fixus by modified Yokoyama's surgery].

Objective: To evaluate the surgical results of modified Yokoyama's procedure for treating myopic strabismus fixus.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of records of 5 patients (7 eyes) with high myopic strabismus. Pre- and postoperative orthoptic measurements were recorded and analyzed.

[The operation time and post-operative target eye alignment of intermittent exotropia].

Different from other types of strabismus, children with intermittent exotropia can maintain normal eye alignment and binocular vision in a long period of time. But the course of intermittent exotropia is mostly progressive, the eye position may drift outward even after surgery, so there is a certain risk of recurrence or under correction. These features often lead confusion to the clinicians in determining the operation time and postoperative target eye position.

[Investigations on cyclotorsion changes following strabismus surgery in superior oblique palsy patients].

Objective: To investigate cyclotorsion changes after strabismus surgery in superior oblique palsy patients.

Methods: Forty patients (50 eyes) underwent myotomy of inferior oblique (15 patients, 15 eyes), partial myectomy of inferior oblique (15 patients, 15 eyes) or myotomy of inferior oblique combined with inferior rectus recession on the other eye (10 patients, 20 eyes) for treatment of monocular superior oblique palsy. Objective cyclotorsion were examined pre-operation, as well as 1, 7, 30, and 90 d post-operation with fundus photograph and quantitive measurement.