Copper-Catalyzed Annulation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketoximes with Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyridines.

A copper-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation protocol from readily available α,β-unsaturated ketoximes and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates has been achieved. The approach enables the expedient construction of a series of structurally new highly substituted pyridines with good functional group tolerance.

Translation and validation study of the Chinese version Iconographical Falls Efficacy Scale-Short Version (Icon-FES).

Background: The 30-item Iconographical Falls Efficacy Scale (Icon-FES) is the first instrument developed to assess older people's concern about falling using pictures. The short version of Icon-FES (10-item Icon-FES) was translated and adapted to a local Chinese version, and its psychometric properties was evaluated in Chinese older people.

Methods: A forward-backward translation procedure was used, followed by an expert panel review to finalize the 10-item Chinese Icon-FES.