Contribution of Spinal PKCγ Expression to Short- and Long-lasting Pain Behaviors in Formalin-induced Inflamed Mice.

Background: Over-expression of spinal protein kinase Cγ(PKCγ) contributes to the induction of persistent bilateral hyperalgesia following inflammatory injury, yet the role of spinal PKCγ in short- and long-lasting pain behavior is poorly understood.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the contribution of spinal PKCγ to spontaneous pain and long-lasting bilateral hyperalgesia in formalin-induced inflamed mice using pharmacological inhibition.

Study Design: Laboratory animal study.

The Analgesic Effects of Celecoxib on the Formalin-induced Short- and Long-term Inflammatory Pain.

The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib has long been used for reducing pain, in spite of moderate gastrointestinal side effects. In previous studies, it has been shown that celecoxib can inhibit formalin-induced spontaneous pain and secondary hyperalgesia. Injecting formalin into a rodent's hind paw not only induces acute pain behaviors, but also produces long-lasting hyperalgesia.