Vascular insulin resistance related to endoplasmic reticulum stress in aortas from a rat model of chronic kidney disease.

Metabolic insulin resistance has been demonstrated in patients with nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet their vascular insulin signaling remains poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that vascular insulin signaling was impaired and related with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in aortas from the reduced renal mass (RRM) model of CKD. The activity of insulin signaling and markers of ER were determined in aortas from rats with RRM and cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

[Establishment and evaluation of rabbit model of fecal incontinence].

Objective: To establish and evaluate a rabbit model of fecal incontinence.

Methods: Twelve normal adult male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The nerve innervating the external anal sphincter, namely the fourth sacral nerve, was functionally located and selectively damaged with local injection of 50 g/L ropivacaine in the experimental group, and normal saline injection was administered in the control group.